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- Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Discovered neurons
- Explained why brain pathways were "crossed"
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- Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann
- Discovered the organizer by transplanting a second one into an embryo, noting it was sufficient to induce a second nervous system
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- Viktor Hamburger, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Stanley Cohen
- Discovered NGF
- Hamburger also in chicken with leg cut off experiment
- Hamburger/Levi-Montalcini also in mouse tumor in developing chick experiment
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- Sydney Brenner, John Sulston, H. Robert Horvitz
- Used C. elegans as a model organism for molecular genetic studies and studied neuronal cell death lineages in C. elegans (ced-9, ced-3, ced-4)
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- Stanley Korsmeyer
- Overexpression of Bcl-2 due to chromosomal translocation; apoptosis goes down when this happens, leading to human B-cell leukemia
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- Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser, George Bishop
- Inserted recording electrodes on dorsal roots and shocked sensory nerve in periphery; found compound action potential (alpha, delta, C fibers)
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- Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian
- Nobel prize for work on neurons and sensation
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- Dr. Marcus Raichle
- Pioneered PET at WashU
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- Donald Hebb
- Long-term differentiation; cells that fire together wire together
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- James Olds
- Electrically stimulated nucleus accumbens in rats --> Reward center (rats crossed electrical grid for stimulation)
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- Victor McKusick
- Cataloged many human genetic diseases, including Marfan syndrome
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