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What did Gorter and Grendel find in their 1925 experiment?
That the plasma membrane occupies twice the area expected
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Which of the following components is NOT needed to build a plant cell wall?
Chitin
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Which of the following proteins do NOT pass through the golgi apparatus?
Ribosomal proteins
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Where are the majority of mitochondrial genes?
Nucleus
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The major protein of the extracellular matrix of animal cell is
Callagen
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During some forms of stress, an unfolding response occurs in the ER and involves
all of the above
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Which of the following is NOT true of ion channels?
Most ion channels are permanently open
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Which of the following statements is FALSE about mitochondria?
proton concentration is highest in the matrix
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Coupled transport of glucose and Na+ into intestinal epithelial cell is an example of
a symport
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Which of the following organelles have double membranes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts, but not peroxisomes
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The majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on
free cytosolic ribosomes
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The associations of lamins with the inner nuclear envelope membrane is via...
lamin binding to proteins in the nuclear membrane AND lipid tails on lamins
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Newly synthesized ER membrane lipids are found in both halves of membrane bilayers because they are...
synthesized at one surface and flipped to the other surface by proteins called flippases
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Facilitated diffusion requires
carrier proteins
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snoRNAs are synthesized in the...
nucleolus, move to the cytoplasm to pick up proteins to become functional, and then return to the nucleus
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The nuclear envelope is continuous with the...
rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Branching of actin filaments can be initiated by
Arp2/3
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Which of the following is TRUE about motor proteins on microtubules (MTs)?
They transport membranous vessicles and mitochondria
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Intermediate filaments function in...
all of the above (cell motility, providing mechanical strength for cells, nuclear pore structure)
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During muscle contraction, the A band
stays the same width and the I band and H band shorten
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Plant cell walls are cellulose fibrils in a matrix of
hemicellulose and pectin
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Where are the most mitochondrial phospholipids synthesized?
ER
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Most snoRNPs function in...
aligning regions of rRNA with complementary sequence for modification
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Gram positive bacteria have...
thick peptidoglycan wall outside of the plasma membrane
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Which of the following contain their own DNA
mitochondria, chloroplasts, but not peroxisomes
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Many neurons need constant firing to maintain active synapses; therefore, to recall memories the most important method to stimulate this mechanism is...
repetition
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The basement membranes of epithelial sheets contain a matrix of adhesion molecule called...
laminin
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Where is ATP synthase?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
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In the classic 1960s experiment, what did Palade and colleagues establish with radiolabeled proteins in the golgi of pancreatic cells?
The secretory pathway: Rough ER -> Golgi -> Secretory Vessicles -> Cell exterior
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How do different polypeptides get targeted to specific regions within the cell?
The inclusion of amino acid localization signals. Specific series of amino acids that mark the polypeptide for a specific region or organelle. These AAs are identified by signal recognition proteins that assist with delivery to the proper location within the cell.
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