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Authoritarianism is
the forcible exclusion of people from politics; i.e. dictatorship
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Three kinds of authoritarianism
- 1. army ruled
- 2. single party
- 3. corporatism
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Example of military rule
Nigeria
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Example of one party rule
Mexico
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Example of corporate rule
Spain
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Totalitarianism is
transforming mankind according to a new morality; want to establish perfection
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Nigeria's east:
Nigeria's west:
Nigeria's north:
- Roman Catholic
- Anglican
- Muslim
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Nigeria's parliamentary government failed because of...
tribalism or the lack of a national elite or a national identity
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Fundamental political problem in Nigeria
Affluent minority
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stereotyping is
a wild exaggeration of a small truth
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Genocide is
killing of people because of their identity
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Nigeria is ruled by
the army
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Military values are incompatible with
Democratic governance
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The unfortunate cycle of Nigerian politics revolves around
splits within the military
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Splits within the military in Nigeria
cause the dictators to abandon/give up powers
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Modern Mexican history revolves around
the oil industry
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The Mexican Revolution
1912-1920
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The Mexican revolution was a
nationalist revolution
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Plutarchio Calles and Lazaro Cardenas were
founders of modern Mexico
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The Mexican Political system is
a single political party
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The presidency in Mexico
- * single six year term
- * names successor
- * appoints governors
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Democracy was brought to Mexico by
President Zedillo Ponce de Leon
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Spain is a
corporatist dictatorship
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corporatist dictatorship is
the most effective and most efficient dictatorship
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Characteristics of Modern Spain
- * rapid industrialization
- * class polarization
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Class polarization caused
the spanish civil war
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Corporatist dictatorship was created by
General Francisco Franco
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Franco was dictator from
1936-1976
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Franco controls social conflict
by eliminating all change for 40 years
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Corporatism works by
- * dividing society into separate social compartments
- * runs society as if it were a giant corporation
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corporatism outlaws
all political parties
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Corporatism aided by bans on travel and
isolation
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Franco's Corporation failed because of
- * the succession/leadership question
- * economic backwardness/poverty
- * capitalism
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Spain is now
a parliamentary democracy
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Nazism is
a totalitarian government
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World War I was started by Germany to
raise national unity and begin conquest of Europe
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WWI ended with
the Treaty of Versaille
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Britain and France created the Weimar Republic which
was a weak parliamentary government which lacked legitimacy
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Because of the imposition of the Weimar Republic, Germany suffered
- * national defeat and humiliation
- * economic collapse
- * breakdown of law and order
- * sense of isolation and insecurity
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To answer problem of humiliation, Hitler provided
a scapegoat in the Jews, Homosexuals and Liberals
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To counter economic collapse, Hitler
prepared for war
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To deal with the breakdown of law and order, Hitler took away
personal rights and freedom
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To counter the sense of isolation and insecurity, Hitler
proposed revenge and payback
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Nazis come into power in
1933
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Hitler came to power
legally
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Hitler saw himself as a
man of destiny
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Social darwinism is
the mistaken application of the ideas of animal evolution to human society
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Nazis believed the central problem was
blood polution
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The Master Race was made up of
Germans
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The English and Scandinavians were considered
hopelessly polluted Degenerates subject to cleansing (killing)
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The Latins, Slavs, Asiatics and Africans were considered
subhumans and were subject to cleansing (killing) to make room for master race
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Gypsies, Jews, Homosexuals and the mentally deficient were
parasites intended to be exterminated.
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The first target of Nazi extermination were the
Jews
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The first step in the extermination of the Jews was
separation
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The 1935 Nuremburg Laws
deprived Jews of the citizenship
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After separation, the Jews were subject to
confinement in Eastern Europe's ghettos
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The Wansee Conference in January 1941 was
a planning meeting for final solution of mass murder
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Concentration camps were
industrial mass murder
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The Nazi State is organized with power concentrated at the top with
the Fuhrer (Hitler)
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All law making power was give to Hitler in the
1933 Enabling Act
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The legal foundation of the Nazi state was
the Enabling Act (1933)
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After the Fuhrer, the _________________ had the most power
SS-elite knighthood (Gestapo-secret police)
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The only legal party under Hitler was
Nazi Party
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The Hitler Youth Movement used techniques of control including
propoganda
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Josef Goebbels
head of propoganda
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The most famous Nazi movie
Triumph of the Will
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Three problems for Nazis
- * big business
- * the arts
- * christianity
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Spandau Ballet
wouldn't perform what Hitler said and were all killed
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Christianity is inconsistent with Nazism because
Christianity states that salvation is open all manking
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Rev. Dietrich Bonhoffer
Lutheran minister killed in concentration camp
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Tsar Nicholas II was
Tsar of Russia until 1917
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The February 1917 Revolution was lead by
Alex Kerensky
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The February 1917 Revolution set up a
provisional government
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The provisional government established in 1917 Russia failed because
- * didn't end the war
- * failed to control authority
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October 1917 Revolution was lead by
VI Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists)
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Lenin is the founder of
Soviet Union and communist ideology
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Communist Ideology, created by Karl Marx states
how the world really works (science of society) and what the future will be (prophecy)
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Marxist Leninism is
Communism
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The first of the four stages of manking according to communist ideology is
feudal mode: lords and peasants
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The second stage of manking according to communism is
Capitalism: Industrial society where there is a bourgesiosie (own property) and prolateriat (working class)
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According to communist ideology, pauperization is
the rich getting richer
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According to communist theory, revolution occurs when
the existence of the proletariat is threatened
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Following revolution according to communist theory, is
dictatorship of proletariat and elimination of bourgesiosie
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Communism is the final stage of mankind's development and
- * ends private property
- * ends government
- * results in new mankind
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Lenin's view of the communist party was
to "speed up marx"
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Lenin viewed communist party as a
vanguard party
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Lenin thought the communist party as a vanguard party would
pull manking along into communism
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The operating principle of communism according to Lenin was
democratic centralism
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Lenin supported the use of ______________ by the government
violence
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Category guilt is
the idea of a class enemy
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Lenin said there were three "false consciousness" (things that don't exist)
- * religion
- * nationality
- * democracy
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Lenin said "if it advances us toward communism,
violence is not only allowed, it is demanded"
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Felix Dzherzhinsky
founder of KGB
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the KGB and Cheka are responsible for
the killing in Soviet Union
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After Lenin dies,
Stalin comes to power (1925)
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Two contenders for power after Lenin are
Stalin and Trotsky
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__________________ believes communism should come to russia first
Stalin
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____________________ believes that communism should start a world wide revolution
Trotsky
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Stalin's policies include
- * rapid industrialization
- * sobordination of communist party (not a vanguard party like Lenin says)
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During collectivization (1929-1931)
all farmland is transformed into 1 government owned factory farm
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The Kulaks are
rich peasants to be killed
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Because Stalin believed in the subordination of the communist party
Stalin is Number One
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During the Great Terror (1935-1937)
brainwashing and show trials occurred (Darkness at Noon)
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Themes in Darkness at Noon
- * psychiatric control and power (no sleep)
- * communism as a new morality
- * transition to new society is violent
- * strong, ascetic people
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Stalinist institutions include
- * secret police
- * gulag- prison camp system (slave labor)
- * totalitarian justice
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in his book Escape from Freedom, Erich Fromm states that people turn to Nazism and Communism for two reasons
- * loneliness
- * security over freedom
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