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Where is BILE MADE? Where is it STORED? What is its PURPOSE?
- made in the liver
- stored in the gallnladder
- for emulsifying fat
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What is a BOLUS?
a ball of food covered in mucus
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What are the FUNCTIONS of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?
- Ingestion
- Mechanical processing
- Digestion
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion
- Compaction/ Defecation
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What is INGESTION?
- obtaining food
- through mouth, lips, and teeth
- voluntary
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What is MECHANICAL PROCESSING?
- chewing
- propulsion/ mixing
- deglutition (swallowing)
- peristalsis
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What is SALIVA made of?
water , mucus, and starch digesting enzymes
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What is PERISTALSIS?
rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle to move food (involuntary)
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What is PANCREATIC BICARBONATE for?
base to neutralize chyme, so it doesn't eat through the intestines
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What is COMPACTION?
removing water from chyme for solid defecation
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What is the PURPOSE of the ORAL CAVITY, TEETH, and TONGUE?
- mechanical processing
- moistening
- mixing with salivary secretions
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What is the PURPOSE of the LIVER?
- secretion of bile
- storage of nutrients
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What is the PURPOSE of the GALLBLADDER?
storage and concetration of bile
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What is the PURPOSE of the PANCREAS?
- exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes
- endocrine cells secrete hormones
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What is the PURPOSE of the LARGE INTESTINE?
- dehydration
- compaction of indegestible materials for elimination
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What is the PURPOSE of the SALIVARY GLANDS?
secretion of lubricating fluid (with enzymes that break down carbohydrates)
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What is the PURPOSE of the PHARYNX?
muscular propulsion of materials into esophagus
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What is the PURPOSE of the ESOPHAGUS?
transport of materials to the stomach
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What is the PURPOSE of the STOMACH?
chemical break down of materials through acid and enzymes
mechanical processing through muscular contractions
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What is the PURPOSE of the SMALL INTESTINE?
enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions
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What are the LAYERS of the DIGESTIVE TRACT?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa
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DESCRIBE the MUCOSA layer?
- epithelium lines the lumen of the digestive tract
- stratified squamous
- tight junctions
- simple columnar
- Lamina Propria
- muscularis mucosa
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What is STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS?
- voluntary skeletal muscle
- protect v friction
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What is SIMPLE COLUMNAR?
- rectangular single layer
- absorption
- secretes mucus
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What is the SUBMUCOSA LAYER?
- LCT and DIFCT
- elestic fibers (gut retains shape)
- has blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers
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Describe the MUSCULARIS EXTERNA layer?
- involuntary
- 2-3 smooth muscle layers for peristalsis and segmentation
- controlled by ANS
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Describe the SEROSA layer.
- visceral peritoneum (serous membrane)
- EXCEPT in esophagus (which is covered by adventitia
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What are MESENTARIES?
- double layer of serous membrane
- arises from serosa
- attaches digestive organs to parietal peritoneum and abdominal cavity
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FUNCTIONS of MESENTARIES?
- suspend and stabilize digestive organs
- store fat and insulate digestive organs (greater omentum)
- provide access for blood and lymphatic vessels
- provide nerves to digestive organs
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What is part of the ORAL CAVITY?
- tongue
- salivary glands
- teeth
- mastication (chewing)
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What are the FUNCTIONS of the ORAL CAVITY?
- analyze material before swallowing
- mechanical processing of food through actions of teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
- lubrication
- limited digestion of carbohydrates by a salivary enzyme
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What is the ESOPHAGUS? DESCRIPTION? FUNCTION?
- muscular tube that transports food and liquid to the stomach
- superior part is skeletal muscle
- inferior part is smooth muscle
- connects pharynx to stomach
- with adventitia instead of serosa
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What are the FUNCTIONS of the STOMACH?
- stores bulk amounts of ingested food
- mechanically breaks down ingested food
- chemically digests ingested food
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What are the REGIONS of the of the STOMACH?
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What is the PRIMARY ROLE of the SMALL INTESTINE?
digestion and absoption of food
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What are the 3 ANATOMICAL REGIONS of the SMALL INTESTINE?
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Describe the DUODENUM.
- "the mixing bowl"
- short
- site of pancreatic juice secretion
- and bile secretion
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Describe the JEJUNUM.
- where bulk of digestion and absorption occurs
- where less acidic chyme moves through
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Describe the ILEUM
- materials flow through and into large intestine
- biggest part
- with Peyer's patches
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What are PEYER'S PATCHES?
lymphoid nodules that help with immune system, are deep in mucosa
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How is the LARGE INTESTINE connected to the small intestine?
by the ileo-cecal valve
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FUNCTIONS of the LARGE INTESTINE.
- reabsorb water and compact feces
- absorption of important minerals by bacteria
- storage site for feces before defecation
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What are the 3 REGIONS of the LARGE INTESTINE?
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Describe the CECUM.
small, connects to ilium, has appendix
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Describe the COLON.
biggest part, frames abdomen
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Describe the RECTUM.
where poop is stored
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TAENIAE COLI ???
- longitudinal muscle
- long strings
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How are VILLI related to the LARGE INTESTINE?
- they're not
- large intestine is not for absorption so doesn't have villi
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