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What does DRI's stand for?
Dietary Reference Intakes
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What are the four RDA categories?
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- Adequate Intake (AI)
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
- Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
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What does Recommended Dietary Allowance serve as?
amount of intake to meet requirments for 97-98% of healthy individuals in an age group
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What does adequate intake represent?
sets a dietary goal when new research suggests a health benefit but not enough information is available (adequate for everyone)
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What is estimated average requirement measuring?
estimated intake to satisfy the needs of 50% of the poeple in an age group?
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What does Tolerable Upper Intake Levels Represent?
Highest average daily intake that is not likely to adversely effect almost all people in the general population
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What does Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) represent?
average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in health adult of a demographic
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What does Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
guides the division of kcalories among carbohydrate, fat, and protein
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What does the Glycemic Index measure?
The effect of carohydrates on blood sugar levels
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What does PDCAAS stand for?
Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid
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What does PDCAAS measure?
Ability to provide the essential amino acids required for tissue maintainence (Protein Quality: profile and digestibility)
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What happens when you exceed the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
Obesity
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What are the two modes of fat deposition?
- Android (apple-shape)
- Gynoid (pear-shaped)
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What is associated with Android fat deposits?
- -excess body fat in abdominal area
- -increased risk of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, coronary heart disease.
- -has hormonal influence
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What is associated with Gynoid fat deposition?
- -excess fat in lower extremities
- -benign healthwise
- -does not effect hormones
- -difficult to lose
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What are the four components used to evaluate body composition?
- 1. Lean body mass (LBM)
- 2. Body fat
- 3. Body water
- 4. Mineral mass
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What is the DEXA body composition measuring method?
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
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What is BMI?
Body Mass Index
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What does the BMI measure?
Indirect measurment of body mass (weight to height)
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What are the hormones that are secreted by Adipose (fat cells)?
- Leptin- Informs brain of fat stores level
- Adiponectin &resistin- insulin resistance
- Ghrelin-appetite-stimulating hormone
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What is syndrom X?
- combination of insulin intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension
- -Brought on by obesity
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What are the four main weight reduction methods?
- 1. Physical activity
- 2. Caloric restriction
- 3. Drugs
- 4. Surgery
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What do chief cells drink/produce?
Pepsinogen & Pepsin
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What do parietal cells produce?
HCL and intrinsic factor
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When age increase vitamin B12 absorption decreases, what is responsible for this?
Intrisic factor
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What is the main fuel for the brain?
Glucose
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What cells make insulin in the pancreas?
insulin or binsulin
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What cells in the pancreas produces glucose when glucose is gone?
alpha cells
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What organ as more functions than any other organ in the body?
LIVER
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