-
capillary blood has higher amounts of
hemoglobin and gloucose
-
venous blood has higher
amounts of potassium, calcium, and total protein
-
the veins most commonly used when performing venipuncture are found in the
antecubital space in front of the elbow
theses are the median cubital vein, cephalic vein and basilic vein
the median cubital is large and most commonly used
-
capillary puncture is also called
skin puncture or "stick"
which is a method of collecting blood by puncturing the skin through the epidermis into the dermal layer
-
capillaries is a bridge betweein
arteries and vein a skin punctures draws blood from arterioles, venules and capillaries
-
arterial pressure is greater in
capillaries
-
capillary puncture method is usedful in the following situations
when only a small amount of blood is needed
when the patient has burns , skin irritation , or small or fragile veins
cancer , geriatric , or obese patients
childern because of the risks of venipuncture
when minimal vlood volume reduction is desirable
-
capillary puncture method should NOT be used
if the test require a large amount of blood
if the patient has poor peripheral circulation
if interstitial fluid could dilute the test
blood culture and erythrocyte sedimentation
-
thromboplastin
clot-activating substance
-
the fastes and most current capillary puncture devices are
retractable nonreuseable lancets
-
the depth of a lancet for a child
2 mm
-
the depth of a lancet for an adult
2 to 3 mm
-
POCT
point of care testing
test that has expanced byond the laboratory to include the hospital bedside, the home , the nursing home and any other direct-contact patient setting
-
blood is pulled into the tube by a process called
capillary action
-
red-marked capillary tubes contain
heparin which keeps the blood from clotting
-
order of draw when using capillary draw
1. lavender tubes containing EDTA used for hematology tests ared filled first to keep any microclots from forming ( cbc and blood smears)
2. green-topped , 2 blue topped , 1 gray ( whole blood tubes)
3. red and gold topped nonadditive tube: ared filled last because the capillary blood will clot in these tubes anyway
-
a bone puncture can lead to
osteomyelitis
-
cyanotic sites
where the skin and mucous membrane are blue because of oxygen deficiency
should be warmed before use
-
the appropriate skin puncture site is
the middle finger or ring finger
-
skin puncture site for newborn and infants
lateral plantar surface of the heel of the foot
-
blood flow is increase by ___ times by warming the site
7
this can be accomplished by massaging the area five or six times or by applying a warmed towel for 3 to 5 minutes
-
when performing a capillry puncture always wipe away the _____ of blood because it contains tissue fluid that could dilute the sample
first drop of blood
-
pku
phenylketonuria is mandated for all newborns .
they lack the enzyme needed for certain metabolic reactions
screening of newborns should be done 24 and 72 hours after birth
-
venipuncture
blood from the vein
-
venipucture can be accomplished in three ways
- evacuated tube
- syringe method
- butterfly method
-
the collection container for venipuncture are called
vacuum tubes the tubes are evacuated meaning the air has been removed to create a vacuum.
-
the recommended time to allow the blood to clot is
30 to 45 minutes
no longer than a hour in a upright postion at room temperature
-
sst and pst
- serum separator tube
- plasma separator tube
-
tubes must be centrifuged within ___ hours of the blood draw to prevent the living blood cells from metabolizing the chemical in the serum or plasma
2 hours
-
pale yellow plastic stopper
sterile tubed containing preservative and or nutrients used for growing blood cultures
-
light blue stopper contains
contains liquid sodium citrate used for coagulation testing
-
red stopper contains
no anticoagulants which means blood will automatically clot
-
gold stopper contains
contain a silicone coating
-
green stopper contains
heparin anticoagulant
-
lavendar stopper contains
EDTA
-
gray stopper contains
potassiumoxalate / sodiumfluoride
-
the higher the gauge the smaller the diameter. the most frequently used gauge is
20 to 22
-
leaving the tourniquet on for more than a minute causes
hemoconcentration
-
syringe method is used
on fragile veins
-
syringe needle is also called a
hypodermic needle
-
the butterfly method is used on
very small veins those that are in the hand or for pediatric draws
-
venipuncture drawing tubes
- yellow
- light blue sky
- red and gold and tiger wich contains a gel rays of sun
- green grass
- lavender bottom of hill
- gray last rock
-
hematoma occurs when
- the needle goes through the vein
- the needle is only partially in the vein
- insufficient pressure is applied
-
if blood is not obtained one of the following problems may have occurred
- the bevel is against the wall fo the vein
- the needle pierced all the way through the vein angle is greater than 15 degrees
- the needle is partially inserted into the vein
-
a patient should never be stuck more than ___ times by the same phlebotomist
2 times
-
hemolysis
breaking open of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin
- using a needle that is too small
- collapsing the vein
-
hemolyzed blood release chemicals into the plasma and serum that adversely affect the test results for the following analytes
- potassium
- magnesium
- iron
- lactate dehydrogenase
- phosphorus
- ammonia
- total protein
-
one neurological problem that could occur during a phlebotomy procedure is a
seizure
-
obesity and mastectomy
obses patient veins may be difficult to see and palpate
donot perform a venipuncture on the arm adjacent to a mastectomy
-
areas to avoid drawing blood
- IV in arm
- edema
- sclerosed with palque
- scarred or occluded
|
|
