Sences and Perception

Stimulation of the sences

Process of creating meaning from sensation

the smallest amount of energy needed for a person to consciously detect a stimulus 50% of the time it is present

• Sight- a candle flame 30 miles on a clear dark night
• Hearing- a tick of a watch 20ft away in a quiet room
• Smell- one drop of perfume diffused in a 3 room apartment
• Taste- one teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water
• Touch-a bees wing falling on the cheek from 1 centi.

sensory systems reduced responsiveness to unchanging stimuli

set of the factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal

Protects eye and bends the incoming light waves for focus

Opening where light comes in

Focuses incoming light rays into receptor cells in back surface of eyeball

An area at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones

Visual receptor cells in the retina that detects shades of gray and are responsible for periphreal vision ( black and white)

Visual receptor cells, concentrated near center of retina, responsible for color vision and fine detail (Sensitive in brightly lit conditions)

Tiny pit in the center of the retina filled with cones; responsible for sharp vision

• Red-green or blue-yellow= dichromats
• Black and white= monochromats

Point of which the optic nerve leaves the eye; contains no receptors cells for vision

Eardrum-Funell sound waves to middle

Hammer, anvil, stirrup- concentrate eardrum vibrations to cochleas oval window

Cochlea- generate neural signals to the brain

Connection of axons that carry signals from each ear to the brain

Amplitude

Frequency

Sense of smell

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and unami

Floral, musky, and rotten

Chemicals that affect behavior

Sense of taste

• Pressure
• Tempiture
• Pain

Sense of body movement, position and balance

Posture, orientation and movement of individual body parts

Filter out and attending only to important sensory messages

Specialized neuron that respond to human like

Brains reduced responsiveness to unchaning stimuli

• Whole is more important then parts of figures:
• Closure
• Continuity
• Proximity
• Similarity

Filling in a gaps to create a whole object

Smooth continuous patterns

Grouping nearby figures

Grouping similar figures

Composed of simple parts

• Figure-Entity percieved to stand apart from background
• Ground-Background against which figure appears

• Size
• Shape
• Brightness
• Color

Preconception influence perception

Own general method of dealing with the environment

Influence peoples perception

Visual cues requiring the use of one eye

One object partly blocks a second, first closer second further

Distant objects have hazy appearence and somewhat blurred outline

Monocular cue to distance and deph based on the fact that 2 parallel lines seem to come together at the horizon

Another perspective cue to deph (higher=farther)

Object that is close is rough or detailed

Cue to distance, depth, and solidity of an object

Distance cue (further=dont move, closer=move)

Using both eyes

Obtained by combining 2 retinal fields overlap

Difference between the two images that the eyes recieve

Single ear

Two ears

Refers to physical displacement of an object from one position to another

Percieved motion created by single stationary object

Apparent motion created by a rapid series of images of stationary objects

Stroboscopic motion causes perceptual illusion

• Physical-distortion of info reaching receptor cells
• Perceptual-Misleading cues in stimuli

Info. not gained through known

• Telepathy
• Telekinesis
• Mediumship
• Psychokinesis
• Precaugnition
• Clairboyance
• Astroprojection

Reading thoughts of others

Moving things with mind

Saying you can talk to ghost

Move things without touching

Predict future

See things hidden from normal sences

Can leave mind and be in other places

Is it at random chance?

• Non-reporting the ones that didnt work
• Non-replication of experiment
• Bias
• Fraud

From whole to parts

From parts to whole

Sensation of pain can be changed before it is perceived

Auto adjestment of the eye

Stimulus enters body and goes from receptor energy to neuro impulse

Converting sensory inputs into different sensations

Filtering and analyzing incoming sensations before sending neural messages on to the cortex

Farsightedness

Nearsightedness

Red, green, blue can be combined to form all colors

Based on 3 color system

Middle ear problems with transferring soundwaves to inner ear

Damage to cochlea, haircells, or...