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Thallus
Body of a mold or fleshy fungus
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Arial hyphae
reproductive hypha
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Budding yeasts
divide unevenly
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Fission yeasts
divide evenly into 2 cells
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dimorphism
can grow either as mold or yeast
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mycosis
- means any fungal infection
- usually chronic
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systemic or deep mycoses
- affect number tissues/organs
- frequently through inhalation
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subcutaneous mycoses
- skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and bone
- direct implantation- eg. puncture
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cutaneous mycoses
- skin, hair, nails (Dermatophytes)
- direct contact
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superficial mycoses
- hair and epidermis
- prevalent in tropical climates
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Giardia lamblia
- causes giardiases
- symptoms are nasea, flatulence, weakness, and abdominal cramps that persist for weaks
- transmitted in contaminated water
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Entamoeba histolytica
- symptoms: dysentery
- grows in large intestine
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Trichomonas vaginalis
a sexually transmitted infection
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trypanosoma spps.
causes Chagas' Disease and African Sleeping Sickness
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Plasmodium
- causes Malaria
- symptoms: chills and fver and severe headache at intervals of 2-3 days
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virion
- complete infectious particle
- nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat
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capsomeres
proteins that compse capsid
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nucleic acid
DNA or RNA, not both
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envelope
- lipid bilyare
- surrounds capsid
- not on every virus
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spkes
proteins on some envelopes and non-enveloped viruses
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Helical
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus
- Rhabdovirus (rabies
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Polyhedral
- Adenovirus
- Poliovirus (polio)
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Enveloped Virus
Influenzavirus (influenza)
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complex virus
- bacteriophage
- variola virus
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Scrapie
- infects sheep
- scape off fleece
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Kuru
- fore tribe in Papua New Guinea
- Cannibalistic funeral practices
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Creutzfed-Jacob Disease (CJD)
- Progressive dementia, leads to memory loss, personality changes, hallucinations, etc
- consume infected meat
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Mad Cow Disease
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
- may be transmitted to humans
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Commensalism
- 1 org. benefits, other unaffected
- Corynebacteria on surface of eye
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Mutualism
- benefits both
- intestinal bact.
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Parasitism
- one benefits at expense of others
- any pathogenic org.
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Direct contact transmission
contact with infected carrier
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Indirect Contact transmission
contact with contaminated fomites
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Droplet Transmission
requires close proximity- droplets travel short distances
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Water Vehicle transmission
waterborne transmission
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Food vehicle transmission
foodborne transmission
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Air vehicle transmission
airborne transmission
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Vector transmission Mechanical Transmission
passive transport of microorganism
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Vector Transmission Direct Inoculation
arthropod bit, mosquito, etc.
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Incubation Period
between initial infection and appearance of symptoms
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Prodromal period
appearance of early, mild symptoms of disease
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Period of Illness
most severe stage
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Period of Decline
- decline of signs and symptoms
- vulnerable to secondary infections
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Period of Convalescne
recovery period- regain strength
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Epidemiology
study of where and when a disease occurs and how it is transmitted
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Respiratory tract entry
inhaled in drops or dust or through indirect contact
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Genitourinary tract entry
most contracted sexually
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Eye entry
though mucous membrane of eyes and eyelids
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GI tract entry
through contaminated food or water
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breaks in skin entry
unbroken skin impenetrable by most organisms
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parenteral route entry
punctures, injections, bites, cuts, wounds, surgery
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pathogenecity
the ability of a microorganism to cause disease
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virulence
denotes relative pathogenicity
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ID50
infectious dose in 50% of population
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LD50
lethal dose in 50% of test population
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Invasiveness
ability of a pathogen to invade tissues
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