Chapter 6

Specialized neurons within the five senses that detect physical events from the environment.

The process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded receptor potentials

A slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a physical stimulus

Cahnges in receptor potential leads to the release of...

Human eye detects ____________ _____________ (light) between 380 and 760 nanometers

Consits of the elctromagnetic spectrum wavelengths that are visible (violet-red)

The intensity of electromagnetic radiation

The purity of electromagnetic radiation. EMR with one wavelength is considered pure. EMR with all wavelengths appear white.

The white of the eye that reflects light

Clear part of the eye. Light travels through it.

Opening of the eye.

The colored muscle of the eye

Focuses images on the retina by contraction and relaxation of the cillary muscles

Clear liquid in the eye. Light must pass through it.

Changes in the thickness of the lens of the eye, accomplished by ciliary mucles that focus images on near or distant objects on the retina.

Receptive portion of the eye, and the interior lining that contains the rod and cone receptor cells.

One of the receptor cells of the reitina; sensitive to light of low intensity. Night vision.

One of the receptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light. Encodes color vision.

The region of the retina that mediates the most acute vision of birds and higher mammals. Color-sensitive cones constitute the only type of photoreceptor found here. 

The location of the exit point from the retina of the fibers of the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve; responsible for the blind spot.

Receives inputs from the retina and projects to the primary visual cortex

A cross-shaped connection between the optic nerves, located below the bsae of the brain, just anterior to the pituitry gland.

Axons from inner halves of retina project...

Axons from outer halves of retina ascend...

These make up the inner 2 layers of the lateral geniculate nucleaus. Involved in form perception, movement, depth, small differences in light intensity

The outer four layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus involved in color perception and fine detail.

What are the three layers of the retina?

A bipolar neuron located in the middle layer of the retina, conveying information from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells. 

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and the outer processes of the bipolar cells.

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and the inner processes of the bipolar cells.

A protein dye bnded to retinal, a subtance derived from vitamin A; responsible for transduction of visual information.

When photoreceptors are not being stimulated, rods and cones _________ ad release glutamate continuously, which in turn ___________ the adjacent bipolar cell.

Trichromatic color theory doesn't take into account how we see....

What are the three types of color detecting cones? And which do we have the least of?

This theory says that red, green, and blue cones transmit info to ganglion cells.

A type of color blindness where one sees only blues and yellows, confuses red and green. Red cones are filled with green cone pigment.

A type of color blindness where one sees only blues and yellows. Green cones are filled with red cone pigment.

Sees worl in greend and reds. Dificulty with blue cones--lack of blue cones or faulty. There is no gender difference between males and females.

This receives information from the lateral geniculate cortex and must process it. Involved with visual perception.

Tey found that neurons in visual cortex respond to specific features (not just light).`

Most neurons in the striate cortex are sensitive to what?

Vision without color due to damage of medial occipital lobe. 

Inability to recognize faces

Can't perceive more than one object at a time in the visual field.