PSYC of G ch. 8

antimate relationship that forms between a caregiver (usually mother) and an infant

an emotional attachment that develops between primary caregiver and infant within a few hours or days after birth

learned social rules that govern who may display which emotion to whom, and in what situation each emotion can be displayed

• women as emotional
• men as rational

• few gender differenecs
• differences appear in how and when emotion is displayed

• notion that some emotions are the result of instincts
• the explanation that emotion is instinctive has faded (except about maternal instinct and instinct towards agression)

experience was critical in developing adequate maternal behaviors

• related to maternal instinct
• does not rely on instinct as its basis
• allows for attachments between infants and others (not just mothers)

• differences in self reports and public displays - consistent with stereotypes
• women have more involvement in child care than men

• greater pleasure for women in caring for children is coupled with greater irritation in caring for them
• men who are very involved in child care have similar feelings
• fathers have increased their involvement with children
• concept of maternal instinct has not biological support
• both men and women share similar emotions related to nurturing

• men have more innate tendencies toward agressive behavior than women
• link between anger and agression (emotion and behavior) have few gender differences

• women and men experience anger similarly but express it differently
• males more likely to use physical confrontation
• females more likely to not express anger or use indirect and relational agression
• females likely to cry

• boys more likely than girls to use physical aggression at all ages
• aggression is moderately stable over time and generations
• aggressive children more likely to be violent adults and have aggressive children
• children become less agressive as they develop
• gender difference in aggression in adulthood diminishes

• men are 3.5 times more likely to be arrested for commiting violent crimes
• victims of violent crimes more likely to be men
• women fear crim victimization more than men
• 20% of women are the targets or rape or attempted rape
• men more likely to be sexually violent

• culture display rules that govern the behaviors associated with emotion differ for men and women
• women allowed more expression except anger
• men restrained more form expressing emotions except anger

• consistency and diversity across cultures
• people across the world experience same range of emotions
• situations that evoke emotions and the rules governing their display differ enormously across cultures
• culture and gender interact in complex ways

• happiness
• surprise
• fear
• sadness
• anger
• disgust/contempt