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What is the major stress from middle infancy throughout the preschool years, especially for kids ages 6-30 months
Separation anxiety
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Separation anxiety would be most expected in the hospitalized child at age
6-30 months
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What is it called when a child is inactive, withdraws from others, uninterested in environment, uncommunicative, and has regression behaviors
Despair
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What is it called when the child becomes more interested in surroundings, interacts with caregivers, resigned to the situation, rarely seen in hospitalized kids, occurs in prolonged parental absences
detachment
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what is it called when the child cries, screams, attacks stranger physically and verbally, attempts to escape, continues crying
protest
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How do infants manifest fear of bodily pain
- facial expressions
- body movements
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how do toddlers manifest fear of bodily pain
intense emotional upset and physical resistance
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how do preschoolers manifest fear of bodily pain
aggression, verbal aggression
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how do school-age kids manifest fear or bodily pain
- verbalization of pain
- procrastinate
- passive requests for help
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how do adolescents manifest fear of bodily pain
- self-control
- limited movement
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Which behavior would most likely be manifested in a young child experiencing the protest phase of separation anxiety?
Clings to parent
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The most consistent indicator of pain in infants is:
Facial expression of discomfort.
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The nurse needs to start an intravenous (IV) line on an 8-year-old child to begin administering intravenous antibiotics. The child starts to cry and tells the nurse, "Do it later, O.K.?" The nurse should:
Start the IV line because unlimited procrastination results in heightened anxiety.
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What are the 3 stages of separation anxiety
- Protest
- Despair
- Detachment/denial
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what are some examples of protest
- physically attacking strangers
- attempts to escape and find parent
- attempts to physically force parent to stay
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what are some examples of despair
- withdraws from others
- depressed, sad
- uninterested in environment
- uncommunicative
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what are some examples of detachment
- shows increased interest in surroundings
- interacts with strangers or familiar caregivers
- behavior represents a superficial adjustment to loss
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What is perceiving an external, unrelated, concrete phenomenon as cause of illness (for example "being sick b/c you don't feel well")
Phenomenism
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What is perceiving cause of illness as proximity b/t 2 events that occur by "magic" (example: getting a cold b/c you are near someone who has a cold)
Contagion
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what are factors influencing the parents' reactions to illness
- seriousness of the threat to the child
- previous experience with illness or hospitalization
- available support systems
- personal ego strenghts
- previous coping abilities
- additional family stressors
- cultural and religious beliefs
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What are some potential drivers for non-organic failure to thrive
- poverty
- health or child rearing beliefs
- inadequate nutritional knowledge
- family stress
- feeding resistance
- neglect
- insufficient breast milk
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what are some nursing interventions for failure to thrive
- routine care
- feeding
- interdisciplinary care team
- family education
- document Is & Os, observations, etc
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What age is at greatest risk for SIDS
- 2-3 months
- 95% of deaths occur by 6 months
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How do infants and toddlers react to death
- least significance
- may continue to act as if person is still alive
- reacts more to parental anxiety and sadness
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how do preschoolers react to death
- sometimes think thoughts of death caused the death
- don't fully comprehend the death
- illness often seen as a punishment for thoughts or actions
- greatest fear concerning death is separation from parents
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how do school-age kids react to death
- may feel guilt or responsibility
- by age 9-10 have an adult concept of death
- fear mutilation and punishment they associate with death
- more fears surrounding death
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how do adolescents deal with death?
- More mature understanding
- most difficulty coping with death
- least likely to accept cessation of life
- concern is more for the present than the past or future
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