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Discovered that the nervous system was made up of individual contiguous elements - neurons
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- Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann
- Discovered the organizer by transplanting a second one into an embryo, noting that it was sufficient to induce a second nervous system
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- Viktor Hamburger, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Stanley Cohen
- Discovered NGF
- Hamburger also in chicken with leg cut off experiment
- Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini in mouse tumor in developing chick experiment
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- Sydney Brenner, John Sulston, H. Robert Horvitz
- Used C. elegans as a model organism for molecular genetic studies
- Studied neuronal cell death lineages in C. elegans (ced-9, ced-3, ced-4, etc...)
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- Stanley Korsmeyer
- Overexpression of Bcl-2 due to chromosomal translocation; apoptosis goes down when Bcl-2 is overexpressed, leading to B-cell leukemia
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- Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser, George H. Bishop
- Inserted recording electrodes on dorsal roots and shocked sensory nerve in periphery
- Found compound action potential (alpha, delta, C fibers)
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- Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian
- Nobel prize for work on neurons and sensation
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