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How did the westward expansion take place?
- the center of population was moving west
- incresde in the number of states
- west became the symbol of the new america
- the pioneer farmer became the new common man
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Why was the population growing?
- The population doubled every 25 years
- growth of cities
- immigration
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What was the growth of the market economy?
growing more crops to sell
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What did Cyrus McCormick invent? What did Deere invent?
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What were the problems with the growth of the market economy?
- The machines cost alot so farmers went into debt
- weather
- panics
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What was included in the transportation revoultion?
- Roads
- steamboats
- canals
- railroads
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What is a turnpike? What was the national road?
- toll road
- the first road paid for by federal money
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Who invented the steam boat?
Fulton
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What did the erie canal do?
- Connects Lake Erie to the Hudson river
- reduced the price of goods
- made New York the major city in America
- helped move people west
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When was the railroad boom? When was the first one?
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Who built the first factory in america? What kind was it?
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Who bulit the cotton gin? What did it do?
- Eli Whitney
- made cotton the major cash crop of the south
- revived the platation system and the importance of slavery
- pushed settledment westward(depleted soil)
- helped notthern idustry
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What else did Whitney make, besides cotton gin?
interchangable parts
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What were the problems of the industrial revolution? What was the Lowell Factory?
- Poor working conditions
- child labor
- women worked- Lowell factory- model factory that hired young unmarried women, the facotry controlled them
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What book did Alexis de Tocqueville write? What was he impressed with?
- Democracy in America
- impressed with americas religoius freedom anf lack of class structure
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What was Knickerboxer school? Who were Ivring, copper, and whitman?
- the first american literature- it was a style
- Ivring wrote the Legend of Sleepy Hallows
- Copper wrote the Last of the Moehekins
- Whitman was considered the poet of democracy
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What was the Hudson River School(style)?
known for painting landscapes
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Who did much of the american music come from? Who was Foster?
- african americans
- the most famous composer of this time
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What were reults of transformation?
- democratic reforms
- more intrest in politics
- nationalism
- growth of sectionalism
- brought about the reform movement
- brought about the age of the common man
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Who were canidates in the election of 1824?
- William crawford
- henry clay
- John quincy adams
- andrew jackson
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Where was william crawford form? What did he suffer from during the campain?
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Where was Henry Clay from? What was his job? What was his program?
- kentucky
- speaker of the house
- the american system
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What was the american system?
- designed to make the u.s self-sufficient with
- proctective tarrif
- internal improvements
- national bank
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Where was john quincy adams from? what did he agree with?
- mass.
- secratary of state
- american system
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Where was jackson form? Who was he the champion of?
- tennesse
- champioan of the common man
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What were the results of the election of 1824? Where do it go, who is it between?
- Jackson 99 ev 43%
- Adams 84 ec 30%
- Crawford 41 ev 13%
- clay 37 ev 13%
- goes to the house between jackson and adams
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What was the outcome of the election of 1824?
- Clay helps adams get elected
- Adams appointed clay secratary of state
- Jackson suppoters claim it is a "corrupt Bargain"
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What did adams try to get passed as president? Why did he fail?
- the american system
- failed because the jackson supporters blocked him out of congress
- most americans didn't agree with the american system
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What was the Tarriff of Abominations? What was the South Carolina Exposition?
- raised the tariff rate 45%
- reaction to tariff of abinations that said a state could nullfiy unjust federl law
- wrote by calhouun
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What was the revolution of 1828?
chnaged power from the elite to the common man
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What was Jacksonian democracy characterized by? What was not important?
- the common man- pioneer farmers
- education
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What were the reasons for jacksonian democracy?
- the expanding frointer
- common man got more interseted in politics
- nationalism
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What were the democratic changes under jacksonian democracy?
- change in voting requirements
- more people voting
- return of the two party system
- written ballad
- party platforms and campaining
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What were the problems of Jacksonian democracy?
- political machines- party organizations set up to get canidates elected
- spoil system-gov. jobs were given to loyal party members
- corruption
- partison newspaper- party newspapers
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Who was Martin Van Buren? Who was John Eaton?
- Martin van Buren was secratary of state and became Jackson right hand man
- John Eaton was secratary of war
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WHat was the kitchen cabinent?
Jackson's friends and real advisors
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What was the Peggy Eaton affair? What were the results?
- all of Jackson's first cabinet reigned over questions of Peggy Eaton's character
- created a break between Calhoun and Jackson
- helped van Buren's politcal carrer
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How many bills did Jackson veto? What was he the first president to do?
- more than the first 6 presidents combined
- to veto a bill because he didnt like it
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What was the Maysville road veto?
jackson vetoed a bill that would extended national road from maysville kentucky to louisville kentucky
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What was Worcester vs. Georgis?
- state of ga. passed a law that takes over the cheeroke nation
- cheerokees go to court
- marshall sided with indians
- jackson ignored the courts decison
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What was trail of tears? What did jackson believe?
- 15000 cherokees are moved west, about a forth die on the way
- believed he had treated the indians fairly
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What was the Webster- Hayne debate?
- Hayne said that the states had created the county and therefore could nullify federal laws
- webster said the people had created the counrty and only the supreme court could declare laws constinional- believed in liberty and union
- jackson said the union must be preserved
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What was the nullification crisis?
- Calhoum get ssouth carolina to pass the ordiances of Nullifications- they nullify the tariff of abominations
- Jackson had congrress pass the force bill- gave him the power to use the army to force s. carolina to pay tariff
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What was the compromise tariff of 1833?
- made by clay
- lowered tariff and calhoun a way put
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What was the result of nullifcation crisis?
nig defeat for states rights
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What was Jackson vs. the Bank?
- Jackson hated the bankl and wanted to kill it
- clay and webster fight jackson over the bank and make it an issue of the election of 1832
- Jackson wins and believes he has mandate to kill the bank
- he takes federal money out of the BUS and put sit into 23 state banks called Pet Banks
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What was the result of Jackson vs. Bank?
an economic boom based on easy credit and land speculation
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What was the spiecies circular? WHat did it lead to?
- jacksons excutive order that said land had to be bought with gold and silver
- led to the panic of 1837
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Who formed the Whigs?What was it based on?
- clay wbester and calhoun
- hatred of andrew jackson
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What was Jacksons Legacy?
- put democratic ideals into practice
- enforced principal of the federal governments power over the states
- helped bring the common man into politics
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What did Van Buren spend 4 yrs doing?
trying to solve the panic of 1837
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When was Harrison elected president? What was this considerd?
- election of 1840
- considered the first modern campaign
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What happened to Harrison?
- died after a month in office
- tyler became presdient ans was eventullay kicked out of the whig party
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what did the cult of domesticity say?
a womens place is in the home
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WHat was the secenca falls convention? Who was involved in it?
- beginning of the womens rights movement
- Lucretia mott and elizabeth cady stanton
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What was unitarianism?
salvation through good works
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What was the second great awakening? Who was the leading preacher?
- encouraged humanitarianism
- beleived man could change things for the better
- Charles G. Finney
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Who founded the mormons?
joseph smith
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Who took the mormons to Utah?
Brigham young
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Who was the main person of the prison and mental health movement?
Dorethea Dix
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What did the Aubrun and pennslyvannia systems do?
- led to rehablitation rather than punishment
- prison and mental health
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What was the american colonization society?
wanted to send black people back to africa
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Who was william garrison? What did he believe in?
- abolitionist
- published anti slavery newspaper the liberator
- immeadiate uncompenstated emancipation
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Who was frderick douglas and sojourner truth?
black ablotionist
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Who were the grimke sisters?
abolitionists
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What was the gag rule?
could not talk about slavery or aboltion in congress
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Who was Horace Mann?
- father of education
- equal education
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What were normal schools?
trained teachers
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Who were Emma willard and Mary Lyons
started schools for women
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What was temperance? Who was leader of the movement?
- banning alcohol
- Lyman Beecher
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Who was Neal Dow?
helped maine pass prohibiton law
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What was transcendilsim? Who was major spokesman? Who was Thoreau? Magaret Fuller?
- truth trascends the senses
- ralph emerson
- wrote paper
- editor of the dial
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What kind of society was new harmony? Who founded it?
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What kind of society was oneida? Founder?
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what kind of society were the shakers? founder?
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