purpose is structural support, nourishment and insulation
what does the glia help to do?
maintain chemical environment in neuron
receive, integrate, and transmit info
neurons
cell body that contains chemical components
soma
dendrites?
receives information
True or false? no two neurons ever touch
true
transmits info away from soma to other neurons
axon
axon is wrapped in?
myelin sheath
myelin sheath?
glial cells that insulate and speeds transmission of signals
terminal buttons?
located at the end of the axon
release neurotransmitters that transmit messages to neighboring neurons
synapse?
the space where messages are passed from 1 neuron to another
aka junction
stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive?
resting potential
how many millivolts in resting potential?
-70
change in voltage allows message to be transmitted?
action potential
the neural impulse is an ?
all or none law
where does transmission take place?
synapses
synaptic cleft?
a gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
presynaptic neuron?
neuron that send a signal across the gap
postsynaptic neuron?
received the signal
synaptic vesicles?
where chemicals are stored in small sacs
PSP's do not follow?
the all or none law
2 types of messages sent from cell to cell?
excitatory
inhibitory
excitatory psp?
a positive voltage shift that increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials
inhibitory psp?
negative voltage shift that describes the likelihood that the PS neuron will fire action potentials
reuptake?
process in which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed
what works like a lock and key?
neurotransmitters
*only certain ones can bind with the other
a neuron receives stimulation on the parts known as?
dendrites
when the neuron is stimulated, channels in the membrane ____ and ___ ___ ___ ___ flush into the cell
open
postiviely charged sodium ions
when the ions enter the neuron, the charge of the neuron changes from its ____ potential of ____ millivolts to a _____ ___
resting
-70
negative voltage
the change in voltage causes an ____ ____ to be created
action potential
the impulse travels down the ____ toward the ____ ____
axon
terminal buttons
when the action potential reaches the teminal buttons, the ____ ____ fuse with the membrance and ________ spill into the _____ ____
synaptic vesicles
neurotransmitters
synaptic cleft
The neurotransmitters bind to _____ ____ on the receiving neuron.
receptor sites
the sites work like a ____ and ____
lock and key
this creates a _____ _____ in the receiving neuron which can either be _____ or ____
PSP
positive (excitatory)
negative( inhibitory)
after the neurotransmitters bind with the receptor sites, the excess neurotransmitters will be reabsorbed into the terminal buttons through a process called?
reuptake
the chemical messengers of the nervous system are?
neurotransmitters
contributes to alzheimers
acetylcholine (ACh)
ACh effects?
attention
arousal
memory
ACh is the only neurotransmitter between ___ ___ and ____ ___
motor neurons
voluntary muscles
agonist?
chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
example of a agonist?
nicotine
antagonist?
a chemical that opposes that action of a neurotransmitter
what do antagonists fail to cause?
postsynaptic potentials
what do antagonists block?
the action of the natural neurotransmitter
example of an ACh antagonist?
Curare
How does curare work?
It blocks action at the ACh synapses, and causes muscles to be unable to move
SSRI?
blocks reabsorbtion of serotonin in people with depression to elevate mood
3 monoamines?
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine helps control?
voluntary muscles
degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons can cause?
parkinsons
serotonin helps regulate?
sleep
eating behaviors
aggressive behavior in animals
agression and impulsive behavior in humans
what does NE and serotonin contribute to?
depression
schizophrenia is influence by what neurotransmitter?
