Pharmacology

regulates the development of biologics such as vaccines

regulates the development and approval of animal topical pesticides

drugs that have more than one use ie ivermection

Brain and Spinal cord

Somatic nervous system (voluntary)

• Autonomic nervous system
• (involuntary)

• Sympathetic nervous system (RUN!)
•       ~Adrenergic   ~Fight or flight

• Parasympathetic nervous system
•       cholinergic     “SLUD”
•              Salivation
•              Lacrimation
•              Urination
•              Defecation

• Afferent refers to pathways leading to the cortex (ie, sensory).
• Efferent are pathways leading away (ie, motor). You are *affected* by a
• situation, you *effect* change on someone else.

Sympathomometic

To stimulate heart beat during arrest

Reverse hypotension/bronchoconstriction

Promote vasoconstriction during bleeding

Treat urinary incontinence

Treat glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor)

• Examples include PPA for urinary incontinence and xylazine (alpha-2 agonist) for
• sedation

To block the sympathetic system

Examples include yohimbine and acepromazine

Xylazine is an alpha-2 agonist which can be reversed with Yohimbine (alpha-2 antagonist) or Atipamezole (Antisedan).

Meperidine (Demerol) is an opioid agonist that can be reversed with Naloxone (Narcan, an opioiod antagonist.)

• Medetomidine (Domitor) is an alpha adrenergic
• drug that can often be reversed with Atipamezole (Antisedan).

Tranquilizers (acepromazine)

Barbiturates (Thiopental)

Dissociatives (Ketamine)

Opioids (Morphine)

Neuroleptanalgesics (fentanyl and droperidol)

Seizure inhibitories (Valium, phenobarbital)

Euthanasia (pentobarbital sodium)

Active immunity- immunity that occurs by an animal’s own  immune response after exposure to foreign antigen.

Passive immunity- immunity that occurs by administration of antibody produced in another individual.

Example of active immunity:  getting the chicken pox, receiving a vaccine

• Passive
• immunity:  colostrum.  Receiving a blood
• transfusion with needed antibodies to a certain disease.

• the immune system that is set up in
• your body already to attack foreign things—example, neutrophils, basophils—they are
• nonspecific

Adaptive cell - T cell

• Innate immunity is responsible for attacking
• the foreign body or bacteria that has never been seen before

Adaptive immunity remembers past infections or responds to vaccines