-
The parietal pleura
Covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
-
Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity,
Air would flow into the pleural cavity through the hole
-
A vessel that normally contains desaturated (venous) blood is
Pulmonary artery
-
The peripheral chemoreceptors for respiratory control are
located in the carotid and aortic arteries
-
Given the following muscles, which are involved in active expiration?
internal intercostals, rectus abdominis
-
During inspiration, the intrapulmonary pressure must be
less than atmospheric pressure
-
Surfactant is a phospholipid that
reduces alveolar surface tension
-
Which of the following statements about the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is true?
the curve shifts to the right when there is a decrease in pH
-
Tuberculosis
is caused by an aerobic bacillus, is characterized by the formation of a granuloma
-
An example of ventilation without perfusion is
pulmonary embolus
-
Which of the following manifestations is characteristic of emphysema
weight loss
-
All of the following are part of the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis except:
loss of lung elasticity
-
All of the following are part of the pathophysiology of asthma except
relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
-
Which of the following conditions could cause absorption atelectasis?
chronic bronchitis
-
Which of the following would indicate a right tension pneumothorax?
tracheal deviation to the left
-
All of the following are classes of drugs used to treat asthma except
beta blockers
-
Incomplete expansion of alveoli is called
Atelectasis
-
In COPD, which of the following is true?
decrease in FEV 1.0
-
Air trapping in asthma is due to
increased expiratory flow resistance
-
Oxygen diffusion from the capillary blood to the tissue cell occurs because
The PO2 is higher in the capillary blood than in the tissue cell
-
In tuberculosis, the combination of the primary lesion and the lymph node granulomas is called the
Ghon's complex
-
All of the following are part of the pathophysiology of ARDS except:
decreased permeability of alveolar-capillary membrane
-
All of the following are ways that CO2 is carried in the blood except:
oxyhemoglobin
-
Which of the following conditions could impair the function of the mucociliary escalator system?
A, B, and C (smoking, dehydration, hypoxia)
-
The most common cause of pneumococcal pneumonia is
Streptococcus pneumonia
-
During one of the pathologic stages of bacterial pneumonia, the alveolar spaces are engorged with fluid and hemorrhagic exudate. This stage is referred to as:
Hyperemia
-
The most common pulmonary infection in persons with AIDS is:
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
-
Movement of air through an obstructed upper airway, particularly the vocal cords in the larynx, produces a crowing sound called
Stridor
-
Sitting up with the mouth open and the chin thrust forward is a classic posture in a child with which condition?
Epiglottitis
-
A patient expires normally; then, using forced expiration, he blows as much air as possible into a spirometer. The amount of air remaining in the lungs is called:
Residual volume
-
Administering high concentrations of oxygen to a person with chronic hypoxia can be harmful because:
the oxygen chemoreceptors which are the main stimulus for ventilation are suppressed
-
In children, the respiratory syncytial virus is a common cause of:
bronchiolitis
-
In the person with COPD, pursed-lip breathing improves ventilation because it:
increases small airway pressures during expiration as a means of preventing their collapse
-
Which of the following would increase the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
increase in partial pressure gradients of gases across the respiratory membrane
-
The pneumotaxic center
inhibits the apneustic center
-
Which of the following criteria are used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?
A, B, and C (deficient pancreatic enzymes in GI secretions, increased sodium and chloride in sweat, chronic pulmonary infections)
-
The oldest and most widespread of the industrial diseases (pneumoconioses) is
Silicosis
-
The disorder that is characterized by angulation of the spine both posteriorly and laterally is called:
Kyphoscoliosis
-
Pleural effusion that results from infection and contains pus is called
Empyema
-
A condition that causes instability of the chest wall characterized by pendulum movement of the mediastinal contents during the breathing cycle is known as:
Flail Chest injury
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