-
triclinic
Alsheet silicate
alterationof f-sp & other Al-bearing minerals
kaolinite
-
monoclinic
Na,Ca,Al,Mg clay (n·H2O)
alteration of silicates, esp. f-sp in low-silica rx
montmorillonite
-
orthorhombic
S
Evaporites, bedded salt deposits (with petroleum)
native sulfur
-
orthorhombic
FeO(OH)
Oxidation product of Fe-minerals; bog Fe (direct ppt)
goethite
-
Fe oxides & hydroxides
limonite
-
hexagonal
Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)
Ubiquitous accessory mineral; marine inorganic ppt
apatite
-
monoclinic
Cu carbonate
Secondary Cu mineral in sulfide deposits
azurite
-
hexagonal
Fe2O3
Ig accessory, BIF’s
hematite
-
monoclinic
CaSO4·2H2O
Evaporite
gypsum
-
orthorhombic
CaSO4
Lower parts of evaporites
anhydrite
-
isometric
Fe3O4
Huge igneous (mafic) & sed deposits (BIF’s); accessory
magnetite
-
hexagonal
CaCO3
Carbonate sed rx, marbles, hydrothermal veins
calcite
-
orthorhombic
CaCO3
Sed carbonate environ’s, hi P - low T met rx; travert.
aragonite
-
monoclinic
Ca-Mg px
Skarn, kimberlites
diopside
-
monoclinic
Mg amph
Skarn
tremolite
-
isometric
Ca-Al garnet
Met'sm of calcareous rx (skarns)
grossular(ite)
-
isometric
Au, usually with Ag
Hydrothermal veins, placers
native gold
-
orthorhombic
BaSO4
Hydrothermal veins, replacement veins/cav’s in ls/dol’s
barite
-
isometric
NaCl
Evaporite
halite
-
hexagonal
CaMg(CO3)2
Carbonate sed rx, marbles
dolomite
-
monoclinic
Fe-Mg sheet silicate
Low grade met rx
chlorite
-
triclinic & monoclinic
Mg sheet silicate
Alteration product of Mg-silicates in ultramafics
talc
-
monoclinic
Mg sheet silicate
Low grade metasomatism of ultramafics
serpentine
-
Fe-Mg amph
Alteration of mafics
actinolite
-
orthorhombic
Fe-Mg amph
Met alteration of ultramafics
anthophyllite
-
monoclinic
Ca-Al-Fe silicate
Low grade mafic met rx
epidote
-
isometric
Fe-Al garnet
Medium grade met rx, clastic sed rx
almandine
-
triclinic
Al2SiO5
High P pelitic met rx
kyanite
-
orthorhombic
Al2SiO5
Low P pelitic met rx
andalusite
-
orthorhombic
Al2SiO5
High T pelitic met rx
sillimanite
-
monoclinic
Fe-Al silicate
Med grade met rx
staurolite
-
isometric
FeS2
Accessory in all rock types; massive sulfides
pyrite
-
tetragonal
CuFeS2
Porph. Cu, skarn, massive sulfides (VMS)
chalcopyrite
-
isometric
PbS
CO3-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, massive sulfides,
galena
-
isometric
ZnS
CO3-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, massive sulfides
sphalerite
-
orthorhombic
Sb2S3
low temperature hydrothermal veins
stibnite
-
monoclinic
Fe-Mg px
Ig rx, hi grade metamorphic rx
augite
-
isometric
CaF2
Hydrothermal veins; access. in ls, ig & metamorphic rx
fluorite
-
hexagonal
SiO2
Silicic ig rx, clastic sed rx, widespread met rx
quartz
-
triclinic & monoclinic
KAlSi3O8
Felsic ig, clastic sed rx, widespread met rx
K-feldspars
-
triclinic
NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8
Widespread ig, clastic sed rocks, widespread met rx
plagioclase
-
monoclinic
K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Ubiquitous
biotite
-
monoclinic
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Ubiquitous, esp. felsic ig plutonics, met rx, ss
muscovite
-
monoclinic
Fe-Mg amph
Met rx (amphibolites), mafic, ultramafics; ig & met acc
hornblende
-
hexagonal
Be-silicate
Granitic rx & peg's; v. hi T hydrothermal rx (greisen)
beryl
-
hexagonal
borate-silicate
Felsic plutonics; ig, met, sed acc
tourmaline
-
tetragonal
ZrSiO4
Accessory in felsic ig rx & metamorphic derivatives
zircon
-
hexagonal
Na-K-Al
silicate
Alkaline (Si-undersaturated) ig rx
nepheline
-
orthorhombic
Mg px
Mafic, ultramafic ig rx, high grade met rx
enstatite
-
isometric
FeCr2O4
Mafics & ultramafics
chromite
-
hexagonal
FeTiO3
Ig & met accessory, marine sands
ilmenite
-
tetragonal
TiO2
Ig & met accessory, marine sands
rutile
-
isometric
Cu
Reduction of secondary Cu minerals in oxidized zone
native copper
-
monoclinic
Fe1-xS (x=0-0.2)
Mafics, ultramafics; high grade met. rx & hydroth. veins
pyrrhotite
-
orthorhombic
(Fe,Mg)2SiO4
Mafic & ultramafic rx
olivine
-
isometric
MgAl2O4
Dolomitic skarns, high P ultramafics, all. & mar. placers
spinel
-
hexagonal
Al2O3
High grade met rx (Al-rich), alluvial & marine placers
corundum
-
isometric
C
Kimberlites, placers
diamond
-
hexagonal
C
High grade metamorphic rocks
graphite
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