Module 4

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Lysosomes are the cells

recycling bin
Lysosomes are formed from?

trans face of Golgi complex
Often the entire cell is marked for destruction. In this case, the cell dumps itself into the recycling bin; the entire cell's contents are fused with

lysosomes, the cell dies, and the parts are recycled.
In order to more efficiently break down materials, the pH of the lysosome is set at

5.0 (over 100 times more acidic than the cytosol)
Proton pump moves H⁺ ions against their concentration gradient using

ATP as energy source
Enzymes which work best at acid pH are inside?

Acid hydrolases
Peroxisomes are found in the

liver and kidney, where they help carry out the detoxification functions of these organs.
B-oxidation reaction is used to

break down fats to obtain energy.
Peroxisomes have unique properties

They can replicate themselves.

They make hydrogen peroxide, which is itself toxic and needs to be inactivated by catalase and other enzymes.
Misfolded or malformed proteins are processed in an organelle called the

proteasome
What drug targets cancer cell proteasome?

Bortezomib- used to treat multiple myeloma (a type of blood cell cancer)
Blocking proteasomes causes these cancer cells to

undergo a programmed cell death
Ubiquitin binds to "bad" protein, then

leads the protein to the proteasome which acts like a paper shredder to degrade protein.
Mitochondria is the site

of energy production for cells.
In cells, the mitochondrion makes

ATP
Mitochondria have

double walls- proton pumped into the space between inner and outer membranes, then protons are allowed to run down their concentration gradient and this produces ATP.

their own DNA- can only be inherited from the mother.

Author

faulkner116

178617

Card Set

Module 4

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Updated

2012-12-11T01:15:33Z

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