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Hemolytic anemia
-def'n
-ocular signs
- RBC destruction (meds, infections, autoimmune, inherited)
- -ie. sickle cell, thalassemia
- -hemorrhage, roth spots, cotton-wool spots, hard exudates, dilated tortuous veins, exacerbation of DR
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Sickle cell anemia
- -premature RBC destruction
- -affects blacks
- -AR inheritance
- -abnormal Hb gene -> rod shaped cells -> stuck in small blood vessels -> pain
- -retinopathy: hemorrhages, vascular occulsions, black sunbursts, vessel shunting, neovascularization, traction retinal detachment
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Treatment for this disease includes bone marrow transplant, analgesics, O2 sopplementation, antibiotics, vitamins
- Sickle cell disease
- -bone marrow-for RBCs
- -analgesics
- -O2-for lack of O2 delivery
- -antibiotics to fight infections
- -vitamins for RBC production
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Thalassemia
-genetic defect affecting aa for Hb
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Obstructive pulmonary disease
- -due to obstructed airway lumen or hereditary/environmental cause (ie. smoker)
- -ie. Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis
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Asthma
- -chronic reversible inflammatory airway obstruction (bronchial narrows, increased mucus)
- -more children affected
- -often positive fam history of asthma
- -lots of triggers ie. allergens, irritants
- -Tx: education, environmental control, Ventolin (B2 agonist)
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Chornic obstructice pulmonary disease
- -COPD
- -maint tyeps: emphysema, chronic bronchitis
- -environmental factors (ie. smoker)
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Emphysema
- -progressive irrevesible airway obstruction
- -alveoli walls damaged (lost elasticity, mucus obstruction, over-inflated)
- -Pink Puffer (pink skin, barrel chest)
- -Hereditary and evnironemental
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Chronic bronchitis
- -chornic inflammatory partially reversible obstruction
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chronic cough - -inflammation and swelling of bronchial cell lining (Blue bloater -cyanosis)
- -obesity common
- -Tx: cease smoking, flu vaccine, B2 agonists
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Cystic fibrosis
- -pancreatic cytsts + tissue fibrosis
- -AR inheritance (CF gene mutation -> affects mov't of salt in and out of cells, mucus is thin)
- -usually caucasian
- -affects growth, breathing, digestion, reproduction, fatal (life expectancy is 32 yrs)
- -GI problems (pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis), sinus problems, v. salty sweat, reduced fertility, lung inflammation -> pneumonia (predominant cause of death)
- -Tx: No cure, improve nutrition, physiotherapy for chest, treat diabetes, organ transplant
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Restrictive pulmonary disease
- -chonic inability to inhale (altered lunch pleura, chest wall, or musculature)
- -two main types: instrinc lung disease (sarcoidosis, asbestosis), extrinsic lung disorder (Guillain-Barre syndrome)
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Sarcoidosis
- -restrictive lunch disease due to granulomatous nests of cells in tissue
- -affects Blacks more
- -lungs, non-tender PAN, skin (erythema nodosum, lupus pernio), eyes (vasculitis, optic neuropathy)
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Most common ocular diseases assocaited with tobacco use?
ARMD and cataract
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Acne rosacea
- -chronic skin condition
- -affects women, esp caucasians
- -erythema of face, telangiectasia, sebaceous gland hypertrophy (check meibomian glands!), ocular rosacea, rhinophyma
- -meibomian gland dysfunction, telangiectatsis, chalazia, punctate keratopahty, infiltrates, conj, episcler, scler, uveitis
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Mx of ocular rosacea
- -lid hygiene
- -art tears
- -oral antibiotics (doxycyline)
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Px with seborrheic dermatitis is prone to what ocular diseases?
- -conjunctivitis
- -blepharitis
- -keratitis
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