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Name the 6 classifications of respiratory meds?
- antihistamines
- decongestants
- antitussives
- expectorants
- bronchodilators
- non bronchodilating respiratory drugs
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_____s, MOA prevents: vasodilation, increased GI, respiratory, salivary and lacrimal secretions. Prevents capillary permiability.
antihistamine (histamine antagonist)
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Give 3 examples of non sedating antihistamines. 2 examples of traditional antihistamines.
- loratadine (Claritin)
- fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Cetirazine (Zyrtec)
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
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H1 receptors act on?
H2 receptors act on?
- H1: smooth muscle contraction. ex bronchioles
- H2: Mediate secretions. Increased hr, GI secretions
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Nasal deongestants can be broken down into 3 categories?
- adrenergics (sympathomimetics)
- anticholinergics (parasympatholytics)
- topical corticosteroids
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________s, MOA: (intranasal), local vasoconstriction of dilated arterioles, reduce blood flow and nasal congestion (PO) above + increase airway patency.
Adrenergics
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One example of an intranasal adrenergic. One example of a PO adrenergic?
Intranasal: oxymetazoline (Afrin, Dristan, Neo-Synephrine)
PO: pseudophedrine hydrochloride- PO (Sudafed, Dimetapp)
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________'s, MOA: block acetylcholine receptors; when applied locally, inhibits secretions from the serous and seromucous glands lining the nasal mucosa.
Anticholinergic
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One example of an anticholinergic med?
ipratropium (Atrovent).
*Intranasal
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________'s, MOA limits the inflammatory response elicited by antigens?
Corticosteroid
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3 examples of Corticosteroids?
- fluticasone (Flonase)
- budesonide (Rhinocort)
- beclomethasone (Beconase)
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_____'s MOA: supress the cough reflex.
Antitussives
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2 examples of opioid antitussives?
3 examples of non-opioid antitussives?
- Opioid: codeine (or hydrocodone syrups)
- Robitussin A-C
- Non-opioid: dextromethorphan
- Robitussin DM, Vicks Formual 44
- benzonatate
*Tessalon Perles(C)?*
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________s, MOA thins secretions and allows for coughing them up?
expectorants
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1 example of an expectorant?
guaifenesin (Mucinex)
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3 categories of bronchodilators?
- Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
- Anticholinergics
- Xanthine Derivatives
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________s MOA: dilate bronchioles by stimulating the beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs?
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
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Give 5 examples of Bronchodilators/Beta-Adrenergic Agonists?
- albuterol (Ventolin)
- levalbuterol (Xopenex) Beta 2
- metaproternol (Alupent) Beta 2
- salmeterol (Serevent) Beta1/Beta2
- epinephrine (Adrenalin) Alpha/Beta Beta1/Beta2
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_________s MOA: Competes for cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, inhibiting vagal tone?
Anticholinergics
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2 examples of anticholinergics?
- ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
- tiotropium (Spiriva) dry powder inhaler
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Side effects of anticholinergics? Slude?
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Diarrhea
- Emesis (increased GI motility)
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________s MOA: act directly on the smooth muscle to dilate the bronchi?
Xanthine Derivatives
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2 examples of Xanthine Derivatives?
- theophylline (Theodur) PO, rectal, inj, topical
- Aminophylline inhalation/IV
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3 examples of non-bronchodilating respiratory drugs?
- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
- Corticosteroids
- Mast Cell Stabilizers
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_______s MOA: Competative receptor antagonist of leukotriene receptors?
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
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3 examples of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists?
- montelukast (Singulair) PO
- zafirlukast (Accolate) oral
- zileuton (Zyflo) oral
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_________s, MOA: have a direct effect on smooth muscle relaxation; they enhance the effect of beta adrenergic bronchodilators and inhibit inflammatory responses that may result in bronchoconstriction?
Corticosteroids
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3 examples of corticosteroids?
- budesonide phosphate (Pulmicort Turbohaler), inh
- fluticasone (Flonase) inh
- methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) iv/PO
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__________s, MOA: inhibits the release of histamine and other mediators of inflammation, making it an indirect anti-inflammatory agent?
Mast cell stabalizers
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2 examples of mast cell stabilizers?
- cromolyn sodium (Intol) inh
- nedocromil (Alocril)
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