Electricity chapter 11

a closed path along which elecatrons that are powered by an energy source can flow

a source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involoving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a conducting solution.

a connection of two or more cells

on of two metal terminals in a cell or battery

a sloution or paste that conducts charge

a cell that contains an electrolyte made of paste

a cell that contains a liquid electrolyte

a cell that can be used only once

a cell that can be recharged

a cell that generates electricity through the chemical reactions of fuel that is stored outside the cell

a cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy

a posistion on a cell that must be connected to other components to form a circuit

a control device that can complete or break the circuit to which it is connected

• a circuit that contains a gap or break
• (gap in wires, switch open)

a measure of the number of charged particles that pass by a point in an electric current each second (measured with an ammeter -amperes A)

the quantity of charge that is equal to the charge of 6.25x10¹⁸ electrons

the unit of electric current, equivalent to one coulomb per second

the property of a substance that hinnders electric current and converts electrical energy to other forms of energy

a device used in  an electric current through a component by a specific amount

• a resistor or any other device that transforms electrical energy into heat, motion, sound or light
• eg toaster

the difference between the electric potential engergy per unit of charge at two points in a circuit

the unit for potential difference, equivalent to one joule (J) per coulomb(C)

a diagram that uses standard symbols to represent the components in an electric circuit and their connections

a circuit in which there is only one path along which electrons can flow

a circuit in which there is more than one path alond which electrons can flow

• the ratio of potential difference to current is a constant called resistance
• R= 

the unit for resistance, equivalent to one colt per ampere (V/A)

a material through which electric charge can flow with no resistance

Not following Ohm's law

• the current is the same at any point in a connection; 
• IT=I1=I2=I3
• the potential difference of loads is the sum of potential differences across all the loads;
• VT=V1+V2+V3
• the resistance is equal to the sum of the resistance of all loads 
• RT=R1+R2+R3

• the potential difference is the same between terminals of any load --   V_T=V₁=V₂=V₃
• the current entering loads is equal to the sum  of the currents entering all the loads--  I_T=I₁+I₂+I₃
• the resistance of loads is less than the resistance of the smallest load-- RT<R1; RT<R2; RT<R3