Clinical Nutrition Midterm Review

1. The label shows a food with ____ calories in the entire container.
2. (T/F) A serving of this food has 13 grams of total fat plus 5 grams of saturated fat and 2 grams of trans fat for a total of 20 grams.
3. At 28% DV from sodium, would you recommend this food to a person on a low sodium diet? (Yes/No)
4. The recommendation for these two nutrients stays the same no matter what you calorie intake.
5. How many grams of carbohydrates does this food have per serving?
6. How many grams of protein are in the entire container?
7. How many calories in one serving are supplied from protein?

If the Nutrition Facts, indicates that there is zero trans fats, does that mean there really is zero?

How do you determine how much poly / mono unsaturated fats there are in food through the Nutrition Facts?

Slows glucose absorption and regulates the passage of food through the GI Tract.
_____ containing foods and other slowly digested foods prolong the presence of food in the digestive tract, thus providing greater satiety and diminishing the insulin response, which can help with weight control.

What are the health benefits of eating soluble fiber?

What are the health benefits of eating insolube fibers?

This hormone moves glucose into the cells.
After a meal, as blood glucose rises, β-cells of the pancreas respond by secreting _______ into the blood.
Anabolic, helps get nutrients to different tissues, helps liver produce glycogen, helps fat cells store triglycerides.

This hormone brings glucose out of storage.When blood glucose falls (as occurs between meals), other special cells of the pancreas respond by secreting ________ into the blood.  ________ raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to dismantle its glycogen stores and release glucose into the blood for use by all the other body cells.
Catabolic, releases triglycerides from fat cells, liver breaks down glycogen to glucose and sent to bloodstream.

Insulin resistance is a central feature of _________ ________, a group of disorders that substantially increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).  _________ ________ is a cluster of at least three of the following:
-insulin resistance
-obesity
-hyper triglyceridemia
-reduced HDL cholesterol levels
-hypertension

What are the consquences of Metabolic Syndrome?

Trunkal fat cells increases _______ __________, causing one to clot more easily which can lead to thrombus.
Produces cytokines which increase inflammation in the body.

This hormone acts quickly to bring glucose out of storage during times of stress.

Which grade is better "A" or "B"?

This transports lipids to all the tissues.

This transports cholesterol from the cells to the liver for use, recycling or disposal.

Having ____ has a protective effect for the body.

True / False, All fatty acids are created equal.
True False

This refers to how quickly glucose is absorbed after a person eats, how high blood glucose rises and how quickly it returns to normal.

This is a method of classifying foods according to their potential to raise blood glucose.

Can high levels of glucose and insulin raise triglyceride levels?

Is it alright to eat lots of refined carbohydrates for a person who is highly active?

Eating red meat has increased risk of what?

Which would be more unsaturated, nuts or beef?

Which would be more unsaturated, beef or fish?

Which would be more unsaturated, chicken or beef?

___________ is found in animal foods only (meat, eggs, fish, poultry, dairy products)

This type of diabetes is the less common type, the pancreas fails to make insulin due to destruction of the pancreatic β-cells.

This type of diabetes is the more common type where muscle, fat, liver cells fail to respond to insulin and this form of diabetes is frequently asymptomatic. The primary defect in ______ diabetes is insulin resistance, a reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells. To compensate, the pancreas secretes larger amounts of insulin, and plasma insulin concentrations can rise to abnormally high levels (hyper insulinemia). Over time, the pancreas becomes less able to compensate for cells' reduced sensitivity to insulin, and hyperglycemia worsens.  The high demand for insulin can eventually exhaust the β-cells of the pancreas and lead to impaired insulin secretion and reduced palsma insulin concentrations. ______ diabetes is therefore associated both with insulin resistance and with relative insulin deficiency.

If a person switches out saturated fats with monounsaturated fats, is this good?  Could LDL levels decrease?

The main function of ____________ in the body is to furnish the body with energy.

_______ serves as the essential energy source, is commonly known as blood sugar or dextrose. Most cells depend on _______ for their fuel, and the cells of the brain and the rest of the nervous system depend almost exclusively on _______ for  their energy. The body can obtain _______ from carbohydrates.

What is the carbohydrate found in milk?

Where would you find fiber?

How do you store excess glucose?

What defines Diabetes Mellitus?

What are the three P's of diabetes?

What are the characteristics of an appropriate diet for diabetics?

What are chronic complications associated with Diabetes?

What are the recommendations for patients with Metabolic Syndrome?

α-Linolenic acid and Linoleic acid are both __________.

Where are trans fats founds?

Where are saturated fatty acids found?

Polyunsaturated fatty acids from animal meats and grain, are sources ω−3 (Omega-3) or ω−6 (Omega-6)?

Polyunsaturated fatty acids from canola, soy bean, flax seed, walnuts, chia, fish, are sources of ω−3 or ω−6?

Which promote the production of inflammatory prostaglandins / eicosanoids, ω−3 or ω−6?

Which has the greatest effect in decreasing the production of inflammatory prostaglandins, ω−3 or ω−6?

Which fatty acids help raise HDL's, lower triglycerides, protect against arrhythmia, ω−3 or ω−6?

This is a marker of inflammation linked to an incrased risk of CVD.

What types of oil are rich in monounsaturated fat?

If a patient want to increase consumption of fatty acids that promote health, what types should be choosen?

Can an overweight person reduce their blood pressure by losing weight?

Can a person with Metabolic Syndrome benefit from reducing their carbohydrate intake?

Is homocysteine safe or dangerous?

Is plaque related to cancer?

What are risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease?

Can your body use amino acids are a source of energy?

Which are the fats more resistant to oxidation?

Saturated fats are _____ at room temperature.

Polyunsaturated fats are ______ at room temperature.