Disability Issues Midterm.txt

• author "jenn"
• tags "disability"
• description ""
• fileName "Disability Issues Midterm"
• freezingBlueDBID -1.0
• people first language

always put the person first, not the disability.

The inability or significantly reduced ability to perform one or more major life activities

describes the encounter between the person and the environment

obstacles to a person's success

• EX
• social-attitudes
• personal- lack of info
• physical- lack of access
• resources- money supports, insurance

a missing, damaged, deficient, or weakened body part or function

• ex.
• visual
• cognitive

pre-institutionalisation

institutioniliation

dehumanization of institutions

humanization of institutuin

deinstitutionilization

often viewed disability as a result of divine intervention (punishment for parents' sins or as evidence of being closer to the gods)

Greeks and Romans kept people with mental and/or physical disabilities as slaves or amusement (warm up for gladiators)

if they survived, people with disabilities were often cared for by the clergy

• improvements came from:
• rise of humanitarian
• charity model
• medical advances (illnesses from natural, not supernatural causes)
• few if any rights as citizens
• "simple idiots" became property of the crown in England and lost all rights

• over crowded and understaffed
• poor/unsanitary conditions
• same clothing or no clothing
• hose down for showers
• electric shock therapy and lobotomies used to "control" people

scientists blames people with disabilities for society's ills

• eugenics(social Darwinism) became popular
• designation of "moral defectives" and waste humanity
• passage of "ugly laws" meant government sanctioned segregation
• forced sterilization- 60,000 reported cases
• 1926- 23 states had mandatory sterilization laws
• mostly women, they became sick or died

• Euthanasia Program "T4"
• People with disabilities were the first targets of the systematic euthanasia, as early as 1939
• killed children with disabilities first
• experiments before and after
• emptied the asylums
• adults evaluated for their productivity potential

• 1950's-why
• tried to treat illnesss
• trained staff and hired professional staff
• taught skills
• segregated by disabilities
• clothing/beds/fewer fences and walls
• parents of children with disabilities began to organize

after WWII war veterans came back from war with disabilities and people started viewing PWD differently

• primarly in 1960's and 1970's
• people moved from state institution to community based facilities
• large scale closure of institutions
• 75% of people left institutions
• 25% of funding followed them
• drugs helped (thorazine)
• advocacy (civil rights movement)
• legislation (1963 community health center act
• communities were not ready or equipped
• NIMBYs (not in my back yard)

• no supports available to live in community
• family support
• basic life skills (self-care, feeding)
• awareness of social norms, behaviors
• New systems of "transinstitutionilization" were created
• moving people from state institutions to jails, nursing homes,shelters
• rise in homelessness
• estimates 50% mental illnesses

• the first major civil rights legislation for PWD
• provided state funds for state vocational rehab services
• 5 sections

• The framework of of Title II of ADA
• no one with a disability will be
• excluded from the participation in
• be denied of
• or be subjected to discrimination under
• .......any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance

education for all handicapped children act

individuals with disabilities education act

guarantees that a free and appropriate public education (FAPE), including special education and related services is available to children w/disabilities who require it

• oversees special education at a federal level
• provides funding for education and due processes for all special education students
• mandates IEPs and due process for all special education students
• mandates that educational services are provided in the least restrictive environment (LRE)

free and appropriate public education

individual education plan

least restrictive environment

• defined developmental disability
• provided funds for protection and advocacy systems in each state
• each governor appoints an agency that is NOT a service provider as an advocate

• chronic
• manifested before age 22
• likely to continue indefinitely
• results in functional limitations
• need for care of treatment

the Americans with disabilities act

• employment
• "qualified individual"
• has required skills, education and/or experience AND can do the essential function of the job WITH reasonable accommodation

accommodations need to be reasonable

EX. raising desk height

do not have to be made if they present undue hardhsip

• state/local government services
• Program access
• programs must be accessible to AND usable by people with disabilities
• is not required if doing so will result in:
• fundamental alteration
• undue financial or administrative hardship

• access can be provided through
• changing program structure
• improving architectural access
• enhancing communication

• Public accommodations and Commercial facilities
• covers private entities that are open to the public
• exemptions are private membership clubs and religious entities
• architectural, communication, and transportation barriers must be removed if it is READILY ACHIEVABLE to do so
• easily accomplished w/o significant
• difficulty or expense

communications

miscellaneous

• 1) has a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more such person's major life activities
• 2) has a record of such impairment
• 3) is regarded as having such an impairment

a socially defined population based on visible, genetically transmitted physical characteristics

• sharing a sense of identity that is historically rooted in socially perceived differences of:
• ancestry
• national origin
• language
• traditions

the attitudes and behaviors that are characteristics of a particular group or organization

the belief, traditions, habits and values controlling the behavior of a group