The Age of Imperialism

The policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominat other contries politically, economically, or socially. Causes: desire for wealth, spread culture and religion, open new markets and resources, caused millions of lives to be lost, spread language/culture/industrialization, and billions of dollars were made.

Early 1800s, shaka leads Zulus. Used unconventional military tactics and conquered/allied w/ neighbors to make a large empire. Army had 50k men, made iklwa, whort stabbing spear. Improved training/tactics of military. His wars killed 1,000,000 people. Went crazy when his mom died, and was killed by his followers.

Dutch who were abandoned by dutch, became independant, and drove off tribes of natives and captured regions. Fought wars with the british and native tribes.

The journey in the 1830's made by the boers to the north to avoid british rule. Went into zulu territory.

1838, 500 boers killed several thousand zulus. No boers died due to their guns. (made a big circle w/ wagon trains, had women and children reload guns, and rapid fired at the zulus.)

Anglo-Zulu war: 1850's, gold and diamonds discovered in zulu territory, thousands of settlers moved in to claim it. Battle of isandelwana: Zulus fought british w/ muskets and spears vs repeating rifles. Drew out british and set up ambush. Used "Horns of the bull" strategy, and killed 850/900 british for 2k zulu casualties. British send thousands of reinforcements afterwards and conquered Zulu.

Caused when british expanded into boer territory. Boers used hit and run tactics. British used total war to counter, and forced boers to surrender. 30k british died, 5k boers died, yet british won(Now they had all of south africa). Boers given role in leading local govt. and established apartheid.

A system of legalized segregation, discrimination, and racism. Whites (10%) owned 90% of land/govt controlled by them. Blacks formed African National Congress to protest, march, strike, and boycott things related to apartheid. Nelson mandela (leader) often arrested. 1993, apartheid is ended, and in 1994 nelson mendela is made president.

African National Congress leader, Arrested many times and spent alot of time in jail while protesting apartheid. In 1993, he helped end apartheid, and in 1994 he becomes president of the nation.

Emperor of ethiopia who helped preserve their independence through buying guns, recieving support from italy, making his nation large, and through skillful negotiations. Became ruler after sahle died, and in 1896 (Battle of adowa) Killed, captured, or wounded 75% of italian forces. Never again were they invaded by any country.

1885, when several european countries met to split up africa. No african leaders present. Congo given to Leopold (NOT BELGIUM).

• Paternalism: Giving the people what they need, but not any rights.
• Assimilation: Slowly overpowering another nations culture, Values, ect to the occupying groups.

• Indirect Control: Uses already established political rulers, occupier will "ask" country to accept their rule, in which councils will eventually teach the local population methods of british rule, in the hope they will be able to govern themselves.
• Direct Control:Using Paternalism and Assimilation

The idea that a particular race is "stronger" or more "fit" for rule than others. the name referencing Charles darwin's theory of evolution, w/ natural selection and evolution.

Herero tribe attacked german farms and settlements, killed 150. Acquired guns, used guerilla/conventional warfare tactics, and was winning. Lothar von trothat brought in w/ 15000 soldiers, machine guns, and artillery, frobe them into the desert and forced to drink poisoned water. 50% of herero died.

German General sent in by germany in response to herero rebellion. He was known for his brutallity in battle. He brought in 15,000 soldiers, machine guns, and artillery. Forced herero into the desert in which he poisoned or guarded water sources. Ordered men to kill herero on sight. He killed 50% of the herero using these methods. Inspired Adolf Hitler.

Figurehead monarch in Belgium. Hired Stanley to explore congo, and set up transportaion networks. Decieved everyone with International Association of the Congo, a fake charity. Takes over congo after berlin conference, and used Force Publique to control population and make income.

Explorer formally from britain, comes to america and works for a newspaper company. Takes an expedition to Africa and writes a story about it. Leopold takes notice, and enlists him to explore congo.

Mutilation, Rape, Murder, Portage (Chain gangs), Forced Labor.

Formed by Roger Casement and E.D. Morel after hearing atrocities from George Washington Williams and William Sheppard. Actual charity. Used Speeches, articles and protests to get the word out about leopold.

India, South Africa

Chartered company who eventually controls India.

Battle led by Robert Clive, a military genius. Kicked out siraj, a former leader of india. And fought Mir Jafar Khan, and won the battle with 3k men vs 50k.

Last straw was when beef and pig traces were in bullet shells that you had to bite off. Sepoys enraged, and began to kill many europeans. Eventually were taken down by British after Kanpur massacre, where a few men brutally murdered around 200 women and children.

When 5 men went into a prison with 211 men women and children and brutally murdered them all. There were limbs and bloody hand prints all around, and the british public demanded the murdering of all the sepoys.

When 100,000 Indians were killed after the indian rebellion failed. Often killed in brutal ways.

(Mohandes Ghandi) Became a lawyer, and moved to south africa in 1891 to practice law. In 1896, he was beated for being indian, and dedicated the rest of his life to ended discrimination. Began his movement, and moved back to india to try and regain its independence, using "satyagraha" (using passive resistance, Moral Righteousness, and Civil Disobedience) Earns indias independence in 1947, and it assassinated in 1948 by a hindu fanatic.

Being non-violent and disobeying the law publically.

When Gandhi and his followers protest the tax and monopoly on salt in india by going to the ocean, and making their own salt.

The military leader of Japan

A Noble and wealthy land-owner who controls a small army

Elite Warriors

The art of the warrior

When there was a power struggle between daimyos to see who will become shogun, 1450-1600

United Japan, and makes the tokugawa shogunate.

When several thousand Japanese Christians revolt against tokugawa rule. 37,000 punished afterwards, and christianity is banned

Nobody is allowed in or out of japan except for a few portugese merchants. Also outlawed all western religions.

A Military general who forced open trade with japan through use of steamships.

A Period when meiji removes the old system, and quickly modernizes. He changes govt, economy, and structure of japan based off of other countries strong points.

When China and Japan fight over taiwan, and win in 1894

When japan uses a surprise attack to eliminate parts of the russian fleet, and fights to take over korea. They win.

When japan had ruled korea. All jobs were mostly taken by japanese, education was worthless, the korean culture was surpressed, and often times prostitution was encourage, so they could be sold to china.

Caused by the great depression in japan, and they choose to use imperialism as the answer. They get out of the depression quickly after taking manchuria, and took control of their economy, and installs a puppet ruler.

They were threatened by US after taking parts of china that the US would end trade of oil and iron if japan continued. They choose to ally with germany, attack america, and took french colonies.

When koreans protested for their independence, but were quickly put down by the japanese.

When 15,000 indians peacefully were protesting for independence, and were shot down by general dyer's troops. 1000 wounded, 400 killed.

Began as co-founder, then president of Movement National Congolese. Arrested in 1959, then released after huge protests. Became Prime minister in 1960, and urged to become fully independant, U.S. and Belgium worked together to take him, then he was executed by firing squad.