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How does light influence how we perceive an object or person?
- The way light illuminates an object helps define how we think or feel about that object
- color
- angle
- intenity
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What are the properties of a particle?
- increase intesity doest not increase energy
- incresse frequency increase energy
- travel thourw vacume
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Why can light be considered a particle
- ncrease intesity doest not increase energy
- incresse frequency increase enery
- travel thourw vacume
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Refraction -
The bending of light waves or rays as they go from one material to anotherdue to the differences in velocities in the material
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What is the visible spectrum?
roygbiv
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How is light created?
heat
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Angle of Incidence –
The angle between the incident (incoming) light ray and the normalline
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Spherical Reflector –
- A reflector shaped like a portion of a sphere so that light from apoint
- source at the center point of the sphere will be reflected back through
- thecenter point of the sphere
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What does a diffuse reflector do
The reflection of light from an uneven or granular surface such that anincident ray is seemingly reflected at a number of angles
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What is a near perfect reflector?
all refltion
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Angle of Reflection –
The angle between the reflected (outgoing) light ray and the normalline
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ERS
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight
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ers used for
front light - key - fill -
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What type of light is produced by a Fresnel?
soft light
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What type of lamp is used in a Par Can?
sealed beam reflector
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What type of reflector is used in a Par lamp
parabolic aluminized reflector
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What are the designations of Par lamps?
very narrow spot, narrow spot, med, flood
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What type of reflector is used in a CYC light?
asymmetrical reflector
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21 What is the optimum throw distance for a CYC light?
8 feet
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How do you focus a follow spot?
trombone
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What is a barn door?
A set of external shutters that mount in the gel holder of a fixture. Commonlyused in Fresnels, can also be used in PAR fixtures
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blind spot?
other eye comps
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Transmission Value –
The amount of incident light that will pass through a filter
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What is photopic vision?
normal light vision
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What color do humans see best in low light levels?
blue
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What is hue?
The pure spectrum color; ROYGBIV
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What is chroma?
The strength of a color
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What is additive color?
Using two or more sources to create multiple colors
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What is subtractive color?
Using a filter to remove unwanted wavelengths from a single source
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color filter in lighting
gel
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What is photometrics?
Photometrics is the study of the properties of light, particularly intensity, using math
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What is the formula to calculate beam diameter?
- D=mf*td
- (multpling factor) * (throw distance)
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Why do par lamps have 2 mf values?
there beams are oval
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What does TD stand for
Throw distance
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If you determine you need 6.2 fixtures to cover the width of a stagehow many fixtures would you use?
7 fixtures
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What formula is used to determine intensity of a light source?
- fc = pc / td2
- foot candles = peak candela divided by the throwdistance squared
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What does the transmission value of a filter tell you?
The percentage of incident light that passes through a filter
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How do you determine the fc of a light that is using a non-standard lamp?
- find the fc output with the standard information
- peak candela from manufactor
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What is the 80% rule?
not to exceed 80% of the available power.
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What does the rating of a disconnect mean?
100A, 200A, 400A, 600A and 800A
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What is the voltage across hot legs in a three phase system?
208v
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How many hot legs in a three phase system?
3
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Dimmer Curve –
The relationship between the console fader level and the dimmer voltageoutput to the fixture
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How does a magnetic circuit breaker work?
high votage creats stonrgh mag feild
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What are the standard gauges of feeder cable?
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What are standard dimmer tpyes?
porabale touriug premanut
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What is a hard wired circuit?
premanted install
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What does hard patch mean?
phyical pluggin in
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What is an SCR and what does it do?
- silicon controlled rectifier
- blocks to "gate" the ac sine wave and control the voltage to the filament of the light source
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How does a reverse phase dimmer work?
chopps down slope of sine wave
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What does LTP stand for?
last takes peridance
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What is the significance of the BREAK and MAB?
Break is a LO signal (0) and the MAB is a HIsignal (1); the Break and MAB also serve as a “reset” between packets.
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What revision of DMX is in use today?
dmx 512
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How do receivers know what information to respond to?
The address that a device is given lets itknow which channels of information it needs to respond to
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What is the minimum voltage difference needed to trigger a change in state?
DMX is a +/- 12v system but a device only needs to receive a differential of 1/5th of a volt fora valid change of state to be detected.
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What are two ways to store a look in a memory console?
RECORDING A CUE
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How many fader channels and total chanes on the Element 40-500?
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What does blind mode allow you to do?
make changes wihtout being seen
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What are the two models of the ETC Element
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What is the easiest way to record a submaster on the Element?
[Record] [Sub] [#] [Enter]
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What is the primary purpose of stage lighting?
provide visibility
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How can you create visual movement?
Transitions between cuesserve to punctuate the action of the show
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What must a Lighting Designer be able to do as they read a script?
visulatize the scene
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What information should the Costume Designer provide?
colors and textures
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What is the purpose of the first script reading?
find lights need and visual cues
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What information should the Costume Designer provide?
clothing colors, and texures
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What is the Lighting Concept Statement?
concept should incorporate the director’s vision and spell out howthe lighting is going to visually represent that vision. The first part of the concept conciselystates what the piece is about. Next is a description of the environment and how thatenvironment is being created. Now comes the director's vision Any imagery they have usedto describe their interpretation of the script should be included. Finally write a description ofhow the lighting is going to show all of the things discussed. This description should notcontain any fixture or other technical information, rather it should be about representing theethereal with the concrete.
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Why is the Concept Statement important?
so you have a road map, rehfernce
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What should be included in cue notations in a script?
actions time weather ect
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What is a cue list?
a list of every cue
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What are on stage lighting pipes called?
elctrics
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How are on stage lighting pipes numbered?
ds to us
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How are these house lighting positions numbered?
house right to left
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What are three types of vertical lighting positions?
boom - box boom -
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How are on stage vertical positions numbered?
floor up
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How are in house vertical positions numbered?
fool up
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What is the reference point for dimensions on a pipe?
center
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How are lighting fixtures on a vertical position numbered?
floor up
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What is the reference point for dimensions on a vertical position?
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Why is the notes section important?
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What type of light would you want to use for a key light?
white or pink
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What type of fixture would make a good fill light?
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What is color temperature?
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Why do you need to white balance a camera?
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What is color correction?
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When would you use a camera filter for color correction?
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What are the best colors to use when lighting people for video?
n/c
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What is the contrast ratio?
diff dark ans lights
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How is the instrument schedule organized?
Listing of each fixture sorted by Hang Position and Unit number;
contains channel, circuit, dimmer, focus, color, accessory and fixture information. Used for
focus and troubleshooting
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What is the channel hook-up used for?
Used for troubleshooting and to assist in patching circuits and soft patching the
console
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How is the dimmer hook-up organized?
dimmer #
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What is the dimmer hook-up used for?
Used for troubleshooting and to assist in patching circuits and soft patching the console
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How should a shop order be organized?
name of show- date- designer info-general manger- master elcetric- load in date - retrun date- notes
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Why do you need to include an equipment breakdown by position?
list everything wanted for a show by the show hang postion
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What is an expendable item?
item not rented
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What is one way to lay out the console?
gruops
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Why is it a good idea to skip numbers when writing cues?
to add cues
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What is a loft block?
The pulley directly over the load onstage, guides the lift line
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What is a head block?
The pulley over the fly rail, guides operating line and lift lines
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How do you attach weight to a hemp rigging system?
porset knot - trim clamp -
clew
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how does the fire curtain operate if no one is around?
fire melt lead link
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What is the diagonal brace?
Smaller diameter tubing that forms the lacing of the truss.
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What is the end plate?
The coupling system for the truss.
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What is a gusset connection?
end conntion peces
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What is a spigot coupler?
hinge joint
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What is a round sling used for?
A long continuous loop of nylon chord surrounded by a rip-stopjacket that is used rig truss
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What agency regulates safety in the workplace?
osha
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