-
Other term for food energy
-
Major Nutrients of fruits and vegetables
-
convert # to kg
# /2.2 = kg
-
factors affecting BMR
- genetic body composition
- body condition
- gender
- hormonal secretion
- sleep
- age
- body temprature
- nigitin from smoking
- faster or crash diets
-
the major gland affects BMR
thyroid
-
hypothyroidism
decreasing BMR so decrease food intake
-
hyperthyroidism
increase BMR so increase food intake
-
age group affect BMR
- infancy
- childhood
- puberty
- pregnancy
- lactation increase BMR
BMR Begins to decrease in age 25
-
activity expenditure is determined by
- body weight
- intensity
- duration
-
def. of Thermic Effect of Food
production of heat that occurs as result of digestion, absorption, and metabolism
-
ideal body fat for female
15% - 22%
-
ideal body fat for male
12% - 18%
-
fat deposition influences health
apple vs. pear shape
-
quick standard for female
- 5 ' = 100#
- addional inch = 5# additional
-
quick standard female 5'5
100# + 25# = 125#
-
quick standard for male
- 5 ' = 105#
- each additional inch = 6 # additional
-
quick standard male 6'
- 1' = 12 inches
- 105# + 72# = 177#
-
cause of obesity
increase technology + increase junk food = increase obesity
-
-
lose weight fast lose
muscle
-
lose weight slowly lose
fat
-
ideal weight lose
0.5 - 2 # per week
-
the most quality way to achieve weight reduction
- eat quality food
- increase activity
- decrease food intake
-
Dieter must be retrained into
a new set of eating patterns
-
Hunger and Satiety are controlled by
hypohalamus of the brain
-
def. of under weight
85% or below 85% of healthy body weight
-
Q: 100# is the healthy body weight, under weight?
equal or less than 85#
-
BMR
- measures the minimum amount of energy needed to carry on the Vital Body Processes
- respiration
- circulation
- sythesis of glands
- hormones
- muscular contraction
- elesticity
-
identical twins seperated birth have the same body type in adulthood
-
the body's need for energy
- BMR
- Activity
- Thermic effect of food
-
bomb calorimeter
1 kcal the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 Celsius
-
thermic effect of food
10% of BMR and Activity
-
2000 kcal with 10% kcal from protein, how many kcal are from protein? And how many grams protein in this diet?
10% x (2000 kcal) = 200 protein kcal
200 protein kcal / 4 = 50g protein
-
how many grams of protein in a 2000 kcal diet
- 50g
- 200 kcal from protein food
- 200 / 4 = 50
-
major nutrients of fruit and vegetables
-
other term for food energy
-
Meat/ beans group low in ______
low in Ascrobic Acid (Vitamin C) and Calcium
-
how much the U.S. population meet the goal of periment
1 %
-
most of body water is
Intracellular
-
Water makes up about how many percent of total body weight
60 %
-
Water makes up about how many percent of lean body mass ( muscle)
70%
-
Water Intoxication
occurs when Large amount of water is consumed Without enough electrolytes to maintain water balance so Edema may occur
-
Edema
- increase water retention
- decrease urination
-
Functions of Water
- Solvent of Nutrients
- Growth Facilitator
- Catalyst for many biological reactions
- Lubricant of Joints
- Temperature Regulator
- Source of Trace Element
- Need Water to make urine to excrete waste
-
what nutrients found in hard water
Calcium & Magnesium
-
End products of metabolism are
- carbon dioxide
- energy
- Water
-
Water is eliminated from the body through
- urine
- feces
- skin
- lung
- digested juice
-
Vigorous Activity involved
large water losses from the body
-
recommendation for vigorous activity
1 cup water per 15 mins
-
the younger the person the more water is required
-
the percentage of body water turnover for infants is Greater than
for adults
-
1 L water per 1000 kcal
2 L water per day ( 2000 kcal )
-
electrolytes maintain
water balance
-
what to eat if become dehydrogenate
-
Sources of Sodium (Na)
- Salt (major source)
- baking soda, MSG
- food and water with naturally occuring sodium
-
Sodium present in
extracellular fluids
-
Functions of Sodium
keeps water from leaving the blood and entering the cell
-
ideal intake of sodium
b/w 1 - 3 g per day
-
average U.S. sodium diet
3 - 7 g per day
-
1 tsp salt
2000 mg ( 2 g ) sodium
-
Potassium present in
intracellular fluids
-
Functions of Potassium
- catalyst in many biological reactions
- maintaining axid/base balance
- transmission of nerve impluses
- release of insulin from pancreas
- *treament of hypertension
- *main water balance
- *main osmotic pressure
-
what is most critical in treament of HTN ( hypertention)
- decrease in Na increase in K
- Na & K
-
Na & K both
- maintain water balance
- critical foe hypertention treament
- maintain osmotic pressure
-
requirements for Potassium
2 g per day
-
metabolism of Flourine
absorbed from the stomach
-
Food sources of Flourine
- Flourine added to water supply
- mackerel (fish)
-
Functions of Flourine
- gives protection from the bone disease ( osteopathy)
- gives protection against tooth decay
- too much Flourine = browm motting on teeth
-
too much Flourine
results browm motting on teeth
-
Functions of Chloride
in the stomach as part of digested juices (HCL)
-
minerals maintain water balance
Na & K
-
three compartments of mineral's maintenance of water balance
- intravascular
- interextracellular
- intracellular
-
supplements of Ca
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Citrate
-
Calcium provides rigidity in
bones and teeth
-
Functions of Calcium
- Bone formation along with phosphorus, flourine, magnesium
- blood clooting
- growth
- catalyst for biological reaction
- tooth formation
-
Bone Formation
- Ca calcium
- F flourine
- Mg magnesium
- P phosphorus
-
Factors enhance Ca absorption
- Vitamin D
- acidity of the digestive mass
- lactose
-
Elderly are not at risk for
decreasing Ca absorption by secretin acidity excess stomach acid
-
Ca and P ratio 1:1 / 1:2
enhance filling bones healthplication
-
Weight baring exercise can reverse
osteoporosis
-
Factors depressing Ca absorption
- oxalic acid (spinach, chocolate)
- phytic acid (fiber)
-
-
-
RDA Ca intake
- Adult: 1000 mg per day (800 mg per day before)
- Postmenopausal women: 1200 - 1500 mg per day
-
-
Ca post menopausal women per day
1200 - 1500 mg
-
bone loss begins around age
35
-
bone loss accelerates after
menopause
-
Food Sources of Ca
- milk, yogurt, cheese
- salmon
- sardines
- broccoli
- almond
- kala
-
Milk is high in Ca low in Fe & vitamin C
-
Sulfur found in
cabbage family vegetables ( cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower )
-
Sulfur contains allyl sulfur
which decrease risk of cancer
-
decrease risk of cancer
S
-
calculate BMR
Male:
Female:
- Male: 1 * ___kg * 24°
- Female : 0.9 * ___kg * 24°
-
1). A man weights 110 lb, calculate his BMR
2). A women weights 110 lb, calculate her BMR
首先一定要把 lb 换成 kg 才能算
- 1). 110lb / 2.2 =50 kg
- 1 * 50 * 24° = 1200 kcal
- 2). 110lb /2.2 =50 kg
- 0.9 * 50 * 24° = 1080 kcal
-
def. of Osteoporosis
bone mass or amount is diminished but is of normal composition and the bone can breake unprovoked
-
Osteoporosis creates spontaneous fractures of the ______________ 3个
- hips
- vertebrae (spine)
- wrists
-
cause of Osteoporosis
- long standing dietary inadequacy
- poor utilization or absorption
- excrete more Ca (Alcohol cause more Ca excretion)
-
Osteomalacia known as adult _____, and low level of _____
adult ricket
Vitamin D
-
Phosphorus (P) is required for all ATP reactions
ADP + P = ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
-
what transpot lipid by making fat more soluble in the blood?
Phosphorus lipids
-
where we can find Phosphorus (P)?
coke, 7up, roast beef, and milk
-
soda disrupts the Ca / P ration which inhibits(decrease ) Ca absorption ( 鸡蛋可乐)
-
Magnesium is absorbed on the bone surface (the 4 minerals involved in bone formation are ______________)
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Flourine
- Magnesium
-
Sources of Magnesium
fish, nuts, soybeans, and spinach
-
def. of Obesity
20% above healthy body weight
- ex: 150 lb (normal) x 20% = 30 lb. (exceed weight)
- 150 lb + 30 lb =180 lb. (obese)
-
Thermic Effect of Food 消耗最少的热量
BMR 消耗最多的热量
-
fat deposition influences health (2个体型)
apple vs. pear shape (apple shape 比较危险, 因为大多数的器官都在上半身)
|
|