PSYCH501 Module 2

manipulated by the researcher; assumed to cause a change in the response variable

measured by the researcher; changes in response to the independent variable

randomly divided

a method of research used to asses causal relation between two or more variables

differing amounts/types of the independent variable

a group that does not receive treatment

the difference in population parameters for two treatment variables; numerically describes the extent to which the IV effects the DV

within-group variance; variance in DV that is not due to the IV

population standardized mean difference

• a test of the three hypotheses:
• H₀: µ₁ = µ₂
• H₁: µ₁ > µ₂
• H₂: µ₁ < µ₂
• in a two group design

a form of hypothesis testing in which one of the following decisions is made: 1) H_0: , 2) H₁:

research design where participants are classified into two groups according to a preexisting characteristic rather than being randomly assigned to two different treatments

the IV in a nonexperimental design

assumption of equal population variance under each treatment condition

a graphical representation of a set of sample parameters; a bar chart for the sample means in a two-group design has two bars whose heights represent the value of each sample mean

the extent to which an experiment accurately portrays the relation between two variables

a variable other than the IV that could have produced the observed change in the DV

when the IV causes participants in one treatment condition to withdraw from treatment with higher probability than participants in another treatment

when the participants' responses are influenced by what they believe the researcher wants

an experimental design in which neither the participants nor the people administering treatment know which treatment the participants are getting

participants' expectancies

psychological or physiological change that occurs in response to some treatment simply because the participant truly believes that the treatment will be effective

a group of participants in an experiment who are given identical appearing treatments that contain inert substances

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to different types of participants and different types of research settings

occurs when certain types of participants, regardless of treatment condition, drop out of the study with a higher probability than other participants

Institutional Review Board; a group of people in charge of evaluating the costs and benefits of a proposed research project

requirement of the IRB that states participants must be informed of the nature of the study, must explicitly agree to participate, and must be allowed to freely decline to participate or leave any time during the study

risk that is no greater in probability or severity than ordinarily encountered in daily life or during a routine physical or psychological exam

used to: 1) clarify the nature of the study to the participants, 2) reduce any stress or anxiety to the participants caused by the study, and 3) to obtain feedback from participants about the nature of the study

• three types:
• scientific dishonesty: fabrication or falsicfication of data, plagiarism
• unethical behavior: sexual harrasment, abuse of authority, failure to follow university or government regulations, innappropriately including or excluding authors, providing biased review of manuscript or grant proposal
• questional research practices: failure to report results that are inconsistent with researcher's expectations, reporting significant results of exploratory analysis and excluding nonsignificant results, deleting legitimate data, reporting unexpected finding as if it were predicted, reporting significance results rather than CI results because they look better