Role of counter-regulatory hormones - glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines.
(p.12)
increased breakdown of TG --> FFA and glycerol in adipose tissue
mobilization of FFA
increase blood glucose
cortisol increases gluconeogenesis - increase blood glucose production
What effect will NKH have on lipolysis when compared with DKA?
(p.15)
NKH = no effect on lipolysis
DKA = increases lipolysis
decreased or no insulin --> decreased uptake of glucose by adipocytes and muscle cells
increased breakdown of TG --> FFA and glycerol in adipose tissue --> mobilization of FFA
What alterations in serum osmolality would you expect in HHNK vs. DKA and why?
(p.22-23)
serum osmolality in HHNK approximately 400 mmol/L
(320 mmol/L in DKA)
HHNK =
= dramatic volume loss
= dehydration
= decreased vascular volume
Know the different cells that require glucose for insulin uptake.
(p.12)
skeletal
cardiac
adipose
in absence of insulin, these are truly diabetic cells
Which cell type is most dependent on glucose for energy?
(p.13)
Neuron
- very little glycogen storage
- little TG storage
- big glucose demand
- absolute glucose dependency
When would you expect to see an increase in VLDL synthesis by the liver? (p.15)
increased mobilization of FAs to liver --> increased gluconeogenesis and synthesis of VLDLs --> circulation and accumulation of FAs in liver (droplet form)
What effect would insulin deprivation have on circulating VLDLs?
(p.15)
circulation and accumulation of fatty acids in the liver