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Who were the Rubinstein brothers?
- Anton Grogoryevich and Nikolai
- Two Russian Muscians who for were influencial in the development in music becoming acseible in Russia
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In what two cities did they host concerts and eventuall build music schools.
- Moscow and St. Petersburg.
- Anton in St. Petersburg, Nikolai in Moscow
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Which of the brothers was a virtuoso pianist, conductor and composer
Anton
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Which 3 musicians did the Rubinstein brothers devote concerts to
Beethoven, Schumann and Mendelssohn
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In what year was the Petersburg conservatory founded? And the Moscow?
1862 and 1866
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From which country were proffessors for the conservatories hired
Everywhere but specifically Germany
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What contributed to Anton's uncomfortabl return into Russian borders
Boarder gurads stopped him and required his position in russia. He said self-aspiring artist.They didnt recognize this and didn't let him enter the country ill he mentioned his father was a merchant of teh second rank
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Who held objections to the Rubinsteins work
nationalist, they saw the conservatories as foreign, and that they would distort Russian music and culture
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Who were the 6 members of the mighty handful
Mily Balakirev (1837-1910), Modest Mussgorsky (1839-81), Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1884-1908), Alexander Borodin (1833-87), Cesar Cui (1835-1918) and Vladimir Stasov
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What was the handful called in english? What was wrong with this name
The Five. this left out the member of Stasov, who wasn't a musician
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What was Stasov's job within the handful
Held a leading role in the groups ideas he was a critic and promoted the group with great passion. Denigrated Rivals
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Where does the story fo the handful begin
1850s with the meeting of Balakirev and Stasov
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Who did Balakirev meet, who incouraged him to continue musical composition
Glinka
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Balakirev sought an original style, which was in charge of doing what in the music
Had to convince it was in Russian language (original) and win prestige as international music
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by which decade did the group form
1860s
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Wo was the first joined member of the handful? what was his job at the time
Ceaser Cui, who worked in military fortifications: interested in opera in his free time
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Who was the second joined member of the handful? What was his job at the time
Modest Mussgorsky was a army officer who played piano, but just to entertain female company with his polkas
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Who was the third member joined? What was his job at the time
Then the naval officer Korsakov wwho did composition between his tours of duty
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Who was the last joined member of the handufl? What was his job at the time of joining
Alexander Borodin, who was on his way to becoming a famous chemist. He played he cello
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Why was it not surprising they were all musical ameratures except for Balakirev
Musicians couldn't, at the time make a generous living. (Balakirev was poor and made moeny giving tutoring lessons)
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What did Stasov refer to the handful as in the 1860s
moguchaya kuchka (the mighty little heap)
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Who guided the group? Who was the musical leader?
Stasov the guide and Balakirev he musical leader
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Althougth the group was talented, what did they lack
Grounding for long scale composition techniques and large scale serious works
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How was Balakirev in term of the idea of the conservatory
anticonservatory:
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From which artists did Balakirev draw from for the group to study? Which did he avoid and why
Beethoven, Schumann, Berlioz, Listz and Glinka. He wanted to avoid Mendelssohn, he held all the worst properties of German "routine"
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What was the rule in which composers had to follow for the group to study them
They had to be progressive and oringal
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In which way did Balakirev explain musical theory
idiosyncratic way
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What type of over the top work were Korsakov and Borodin asked to do by Balakirev
Were told to make a symphony. Borodin had already tried his hands at a sonata, Korsakov floundered and had to get advice from Balalkirev
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How did Balakirev help with the early works of the composers
His tasks were rediculous, but he would serve as a critic of their music and if the problems were above the members he would fix them and put his on music in their pieces, leaving his name out of it
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How did Balakirev shape his pupils compistional style
To avoid traditional cliches by European composers.
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What did Balakirev despise about Mendelssohn? What was he weary about in Chopins music?
His smooth musical periods. He thought Chopin was too sickly and sentimental
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What did Balakirev value in Beethoven and Schumann
use of motives with strong rythmic profile and the freedom of forms
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What did Balakirev value about Berlioz and Lizsts
ability to write program music and painting of characters and events with music
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What became the trade mark of Borodin
Unusual harmonies, specificall the unresovled seconds
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What was the problem with the way balakirev tought
Composers usually gained background from common material, forming the back drop to their music. BALAKIREV HAD NONE OF THAT BULL SHIT
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The unleft works of the Handful were often completed by which member
Korsakov
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What "bread and butter" harmony was avoided by the hadful. How did they alter it
IV-V-I which was used widely in Europe. They though of going from IV-I or using distorted V's
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What was a source of fresh, non-Western music
Russian folk songs
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How did Balakirev get his hands on Russian folk songs, what did he do with them
Second hand from cultured connoisseurs, he edited and published what he collected in 1866 into a collection of 40
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What did Balakirev restrict the harmonic palette too
The diotonic, avoiding the leading notes in minor keys and used plain triads instead of seventh cords
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Give a description of the Orential style (here it's from and what it is)
Musical idioms from Georgia, Armenia and Turkic people. It gave the handful the chance to distance themselves from western music
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What Balakirev piece used Oriental Style? What variation did he use? What type of figurations?
Islamey 1869 inspired by Casucasian folk bands. using Glinka's changing background variation and extension of Lisztian virtuoso figurations
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What Oriental piece did Korsakov known for? What is it based off
a syphonic suite Antar (1868) from an eastern fairtale
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What was an example of Borodin using the Oriental style
His Polovstian dacnes in his opera Prince Igor
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What was the third source of inspiration after the Russian adn Oriental idioms
Glinka's oeurve
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What type of idiom was Korsakov drawn by? What was the scale he somtimes used and the name of the one he created
fairytales and supernatural. He used Glinka's whole-tone scale but used his own alternating semitones and tones. This came to be known as Korsakov Scale
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What was the Korsakov scale known as in the west What is different about it
Octatonic Scale with has eight notes instead of the common seven
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In what tye of music is the Octatonic Scale still used
Modern jazz music
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Why does Korsakov use the scale
suspend the rules of tonality
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In which two pieces did Korsakov use the Octatonic scale in
To represent the underwater kingdom in his symphony Sadko and later in the opera of the same name. Also in depiction of the evil sorcerer Kashchei the Deathless in the eponymous opera
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What is Korsakov's Sheherazade compared to?
- Balakirev's Tamara. In fact it's thought Balakirev copied Korsakov.
- KORSAKOV VIOLEN. BALAKIREV CLAIRINET
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