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How often does a FD respond to a fire in the U.S.?
Approximately every 20 secs.
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In 2006, 47% of LODD were due to...
heart attacks
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Information half life
- how long it takes for 50% of information to become obsolete
- half life is increasing over time
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Hydrogen Cyanide
- byproduct of wool, silk, cotton, paper synthetics
- colorless gas
- can be present before ignition temp. is reached
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SCBA NFPA standards
- 1404- SCBA program
- 1500- Occupational safety including SCBA
- 1981- requires HUD
- 1982- PASS
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expandable management system used for incidents
Incident Management System
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BLEVE
- Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
- can occur in flammable and non flammable liquid containers
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Fully developed
phase of fire where all contents of the room are burning
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most common method of extinguishing a fire is
cooling the burning material
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Classes of Fire
- A- Ordinary Combustibles Triangle
- B- Flammable Liquids Square
- C- Electrical Fires Circle
- D- Combustible Metals Star
- K- Cooking oils Octagon
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Truck and Quint
- Truck has ladders, extrication tools, rescue, forcible entry, ventilation tools, aerial device
- Quint has hose, pump, water, ladders, and aerial device
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most of the components in vehicle passenger compartments are...
plastic
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Roof/ hook ladder
- straight wall ladder with two retractable hooks on the end
- provides footing stability on peak roofs
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How many FF needed to perform Shoulder Toss method?
- ONE ff
- used to cover large unbreakable items
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When shutting off sprinkler systems always bring...
bolt cutters
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One of the most common hazards to FF during salvage
Ceiling collapse
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basic goal of salvage ops.
property conservation
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water hammer
- sudden surge of pressure created by quick opening or closing of valves in water system
- can damage piping, valves, or pump
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dry barrell hydrant
- has valve at base of hydrant to control water flow to all outlets
- used where hydrant is subject to below freezing temperatures
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Minimum info needed to process emergency call...
- location and nature of emergency
- callers location and situation
- callback number
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First national emergency telephone number
999 intoduced in great britain in 1930
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natural factors affecting fire stream
- natural and man made
- natural is wind, snow, rain, trees
- moving stream closer reduces these factors
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Operating psi for air chissel
- standard- 100-150 psi
- rescue- up to 300 psi
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operation of high pressure airbags and safety
- 130 psi
- can lift up to 80 tons
- larger on bottom
- dont stack more than two
- must have a solid base
- crib as you lift
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Chief officers and responsibilities
person ultimately responsible for operation and administration of FD
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Beam
structural element that transfers loads perpindicular to its length
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balloon frame
- older wood frame buildings and victorians
- wood studs run from the foundation to the roof and floors are hung on studs
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passive emitters
inantimate objects whose temp. will vary depending on environment and time exposed
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flashover
sudden event occuring when all contents of a container reach their ignition temp. simultaneously
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early volunteer depts. were made up of...
soldiers
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how much of US is covered by 911
93% of population and 96% of geographic US
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single fuel fires smoke colors
- may indicate type of material burning
- all solid materials will emit a white smoke when first heated
- unfinished wood and natural materials turn brown
- plastics and painted surfaces will turn grey
- all materials will eventually turn to black smoke
- yellowish gray sign of backdraft
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physical fitness
- safety and well being of FF increase with physical fitness
- FF body must be accustomed to and capable of handling stress
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PPE
- primary layer of protection that FF dons prior to emergency and is worn until incident is mitigated
- NFPA FF Turnouts- turnout coat, bunker pants, boots, helmet, eye protection hood, gloves, and SCBA
- ensemble designed to meet minimum level of safety
- IAFF, NFPA, and federal government all involved with design and regulations of PPE
- NFPA 1500
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pulmonary edema
can be caused by inhaling super heated gases and is accumulation of fluid in the lungs
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standard for entering IDLH
NFPA 1404
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standard for HUD
NFPA 1981
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When should you check SCBA
check daily
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Fill rate of SCBA
300-600 psi/minute
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10-10-10 rule
crews allowed ten mins to enter and work, ten minutes to exit, and ten minutes in case of problems
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How to inspect extinguishers
- Most FF checks will be visually
- should be checked whenever apparatus is checked
- extinguishers in buildings should be checked every 30 days or electrically monitored
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refilling a water extinguisher
- usually done at fire station
- remove top, add water, adding solvent, replacing top and pressurizing with compressed air
- most have 2.5 gallons of water
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Earths water
- most of earth's freshwater is ground water
- surface water is most common- 75% of earth is covered by water
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water tender
- mobile water supply units
- range from 1000 to 8000 gallons
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VOIP
- voice over internet protocol
- converts audio into data transmitted thru internet
- allows any telephone to access any other phone in the world
- data is compressed allowing more calls to pass thru a system
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half life
time required for a drug or substance deposited in living organism to be metabolized or eliminated by biological process
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high pressure hydrant
connected to separate high pressure system used for only fire protection purposes
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soft suction hose
- used to connect hydrant to pumper
- aka large diameter hose
- 4 1/2 - 6 inch hose 20,25,30 ft lengths
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horshoe load
usually used for supply lines or to deploy whole load at once
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span of control
- ability of someone to supervise a number of other people or units
- ranges from 3-7 units or individuals, ideal being five
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shoring
the use of timbers to support/strengthen weakened structural members in order to avoid secondary collaps during rescue ops.
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how to stabilize a vehicle
- required on all VC
- vehicle with victim must be stabilized so vehicle weight is off suspension system
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active cooling
- used for effective core temp. cooling
- submerge forearms and hands in cool water
- acts as a heat exchanger that brings down body temp in systematic way
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