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Sun Yatsen
- Who? father of the revolution
- what? -earliest to look at social darminism and make a change -calls for revolution to overthrown the qing dynasty -founder of chinses nationalist party
- when? 1898
- where? china
- how? reform in court
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Hong Xiuquan
- who? gods given son
- what? -believes he is brother of jesus -equality between sexes -all people share everything equal -led taiping rebellion against ming dynasty -failed civil service exams multiple times
- when? 1840s
- where? china
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Taiping Rebellion
- who? Hong Xiuquan and other leaders
- what? -Qing Dynasty v Taiping Heavenly Kingdom -Kingdom had new ideas -threat to take over qing dynasty -killed 40 million people (largest civil war) -qing dynasty victory -weakening of the qing dynasty
- when? 1850-1864
- where? southern china
- why? heavenly kingdom had christianity and qing saw them as a threat
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Treaty of Nanjing
- who? British and Chinese
- what? resolves the opium war 1china pay britain for losing 2destroy canton system 3west no longer barbarians 4britain gets Hong Kong 5Qing open country to westerners
- when? 1842
- where? Nanjing China
- How? signed unequally
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Treaty of Nerchinsk
- who? Russia and China
- what? -first treaty between Russia and China -fixes northern boarder -boarder stones made
- when? 1689
- where? northern boarder of china
- how? treaty
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White Lotus Rebellion
- who? impoverished settlers in the mountanious region that separates sichuan province from hubei and shaanxi provinces
- what? -tax rebellion -Zeng Guofan inspired by methods
- when? 1794
- where? chinas mountains
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Kang Youwei
- who? high level official
- what? leader in 100 days reforms (goes into hiding after)
- when? 1898
- where? chinas courts
- why? reform china
- how? with with emperor (teen)
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Ming Dynasty
- what? -empire of the great ming -
- when? 1368-1644
- where?
- how?
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Beida
university in beijing created during 100 days reforms *only thins to survive reforms (modeled after western universities)
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Influx of Silver
- who? Britain sell to china
- what? -trade of silver -positive economy at first
- when? 1500s
- why? -increase trade -procelin, silk and tea
- where? china with britain
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Internal vs external forces
- Internal
- population growth
- involution
- tax structure
- opium addiction
- rise of government curruption
- gap between rich and poor
- decline in public works
- natural disasters
- military neglect
- Externalcontact with west
- clash in world views
- the 3 m's
- canton system
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Canton System
- who? chinese
- what? confining western trade to 1 port (guangzhou)
- when? 1830s
- where? Guangshou
- how? close off all other ports
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Zeng Goufan and Li Hongzhang
- who? two men
- what? -study western technologies -help defeat tiaping -part of movement
- when? 1864
- where? Beijing
- how? western studies
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Treaty of Tianjin
- who? china and britain
- what? unequal treaty
- when? 1857
- where? chinas interior
- how? -9 more trading ports must be opened -allow foreign diplomats to be housed in national capital
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Koxinga
- who? "pirate" in control of coastling and Taiwan -loyalist of the ming
- what? -forced all chinese men to shave head except for back (braid) called a queue as a sign of chinese submission -no foot binding allowed
- where? china
- why? need power
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Li Zicheng
- who? leads rebellion against ming (poor postal worker)
- what? -leads rebellions -north china plain rebellion -kills emperor -no one supports him
- when? 1640s
- how? invasions
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"Self-strengthening movement"
- who? chinese government
- what? -recruit good men for public office -moral behavior, western science
- when? 1860
- where? chinese governement
- how? studying western culture
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First Sino-Japanese War
- who? china v Japan
- what? japan wants chinese content and to be a world power
- when? 1894-95
- where? china and water
- how? boats --> china sunk and defeated
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Treaty of Shimonoseki
- who? China and Japan
- what? 1. china lose control and influence of korean peninsula 2. taiwan control given to japanese 3. china pay japan for losing
- when? 1895
- where? Shimonoseki
- how? officials sign -unequal (japan as more power)
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Kangxi
- who? emperor during qing dynasty
- what? -enthroned at the age of seven -interested in Western technology and wanted to import them to China -first precise map of Beijing -fond of the Jesuits
- when?1662-1722
- where? china
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Yongzheng
- who? 3rd emperor during qing
- what? -main goal: create effective government at minimal expense -song of kangxi -militant -era of peace and prosperity -cracked down on corruption and waste -reformed financial administration
- when? 1722 to 1735
- where? china
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Qianlong
- who? 6th emperor of Qing Dynasty
- what? -successful military leader by subduing the turkish and mongolian threats -"preserver and restorer" of Chinese culture -relationship with heshen
- when? 1735-1796
- where? china
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Heshen
- who? weathiest official in history (eunuch)
- what? -qianlong fascinated with him -symbol of curruption -unofficial power turns into real power -violation of codes then commits suicide by hanging
- when? 1750-1799
- where? china
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100 Days Reforms
- who? Kang Youwei
- what? 1.create constitutional monarchy 2.military )best equipment 3.rethink confucianism 4. Mordern university (Beida-only thing to survive the 100 days)
- when?1898
- where? china
- how? work within system
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Boxer Uprising
- Who? men who thought they could perform extraordinary feats
- what? -response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, tomissionary evangelism. -Cixi invites boxers to beijing to fight west -west wins and cixi fleas beijing (must apologize and pay back)
- when? 1899-1901
- where? northern china
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