The population of the eighth century had not recovered from losses of __. River, which served as __, and villages, were separated by forests, swamps, and mountain ridges. __ covered the European landscape and provided building and heating materials as well as game.__ of the land was cultivated. __ and __ were necessary to supplement the European diet.
- plagues of 6th and 7th centuries
- communication
- Forests
- 10%
- Hunting and fishing