Honors Bio ch7

The process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide.

The three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis.

The reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration.

Describes a process that does not require oxygen.

The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen.

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP.

Abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in redox reactions.

The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen.

The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.

The anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.

A unit of energy equal to 1,000 cal.

The fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

Acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism.

A series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy.

A four-carbon compound of Kreb's cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid.

A six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions.