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Istvan Szabo
First to determine the Type III aging pattern, doing research on oak trees (theorized from Raymond Pearl)
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Alex Comfort
Dog breeding studies: showed that lifespan increases in dog breeds with larger brain:body ratio
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Rajindal Sohal
Showed that increase in metabolic activity, along with an increase in temperature causes increase in mortality rates in houseflies
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Weindruch & Walford
- showed that reduced calorie diet in mice showed:
- 1. Increase in % survival
- 2. Decrease in body mass
- 3. decrease in TUMOR mortality
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James Carey et. al
- Carried out LARGEST study with MedFlys: showing NOT exhibiting Gompertz pattern.
- Flies had higher survival rates as age INCREASED
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Muggleton & Danielli
discovered that immortal amoebas could be transformed to 'spanned' amoebas with NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION, even briefly
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Thomas and Dennis Nyberg
- Showed Vitamin E supplementation for paramecium cells increases lifespan
- Data showed a Type I Gompertzian slope curve
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Hamilton and Mestler
- Showed castrated males vs intact had more higher life expectancy.
- Also showed mentally retarded males exhibited hyperbolic pattern of age-related mortality increase
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Hyperbolic pattern
Type I:
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Westendorp and Kirkwood
- Looked at British aristocracy, showed that women age of first child birth and # of children correlate with longevity of females
- Longer you wait until first child, and if only have 1 child: show longest longevity
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Massie, et al. (p601)
- Using Drosophila melanogaster, show the increase in Vitamin A consumption is correlated to increase in longevity
- Too much Vit A can be detrimental, however, causing a decrease in longevity
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Gompertz pattern
- Type I:
- Linear curve on a semi-logarithmic mortality plot
- Concave slope on double log plot
- delta ln qx is POSITIVE and constant, so doubledelta q is ZERO (inverse Gomp w/type III shows neg delta lnqx)
- qx= qo (e)a(x)^n
- Declining life expectancy with age
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gene redundancy R
- Determines how RAPID mortality rate Increases
- Thomas paper: redundancy may improve cell survivorship by reducing rate of loss of genetic info
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