Path Chap 6 Terms

special muscle that makes up the heart

sac of connective tissue that encloses the entire heart

connective tissue that attaches the endocardium to the thorax

branch from the base of the aorta to suppley the entire myocardium

depolarizes & sends first signal to atria causing them to contract

depolarizes next and sends signal into ventricular walls viz AV bundle, bundle branches & Purkinje fibers

atria & ventricles are both relaxed (70% of ventricular filling occurs during htis phase)

contractionphase (Atrial systole precedes vetricular systole)

amount of blood pumped into the aorta during a singular ventricular contraction

the volume of blood pumped per minute=stroke volume x heart rate (bpm)

the pressure of blood against the atrial walls *too low=hypoxia of brain, too high=damge to capillaries

chest pain

respiration rate >24 breaths/min.

increased respiration rate, type of tachypnea-breaths are usually large and deep-->hyperventilation

respiration rate <12 breaths/min.

breathing is slow and shallow (as seen with rib fractures) call 911

shortness of breath (subjective)

type of dyspnea that begins/increases when patient is supine

increase in rate without increase in depth

reduction in the body's capability to perform work

sensation of "skipped beats" or "fluttering (caused by arrhythmia)

disturbance of the electrical activity that controls the heartbeat (causes cardiac contractions of excessive pace or strength; felt as palpitations)

fainting, a complete loss of consciousness and postrual tone (resulting from a sudden reduction in the brain's blood supply)

Impaired gait (occurs when blood flow to a lower limb is blocked)

lack of blood (usually a chronic sign of CV disorders)

rounding (of fingertips & nails, caused by CV disorders)

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces

measured in beats per minute, characterized by: rate, rhythm (regular vs. irregular), and character (strong vs. weak)

slow hear rate (resting <60bpm, can occur in trained athletes)

rapid heart rate (resting >100bpm)

rate: breaths per minute should be regular, moderate in depth and require little effort

using a stethoscope to listen to internal body sounds (cardica, pulmonary, abdominal) p.110-113 in O'Connor

abnormal vascular sounds includeing: clicks, pounding, or continuous

coronary artery that is surrounded by myocardium for a portion of its course, *seen in up to 25% of hearts at time of autopsy