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Sensation
the process that detects stimuli from your body and your environment
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Perception
the process that organizes stimuli into meaningful objects and events
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Form Perception
the process by which sensations are organized into meaningful shapes and patterns
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Figure-Ground Relationship
when you focus on an object it stands out from its surroundings
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Figure
is what you focus on
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Similarity
you group objects that are similar together
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Proximity
group nearby objects
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Continuity
perceive straight or curving lines as continuous, flowing patterns
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Connectedness
similiar objects are linked as a single unit
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Closure
close the gaps in a figure and percieve it as a whole
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Common Fate
similar objects move together in the same direction
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Depth Perception
the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally
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Binocular Cues
depth cues that require information form both eyes
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Monocular Cues
depth cues that require information from only one eye
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Interposition
- important monocular cue
- when one object blocks your view of another, you perceive the partially hidden object as more distant
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Familiar Size
- important monocular cue
- familiar objects that cast small retinal images are perceived as distant, objects that make large retinal images are perceived as near
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Relative Size
- important monocular cue
- if you assume that two objects are similar in size, you perceive that object with the larger retinal image as being closer
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Height in the Field of View
- important monocular cue
- objects you see closer to the horizon are perceived as farther away
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Texture Gradients
- important monocular cue
- objects that are farther away change in their surface texture from rough, clear features to fine, unclear features
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Atmospheric Blur
- important monocular cue
- you perceive objects that appear to be hazy as farther away than sharp, clear objects
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Linear Perspective
- important monocular cue
- when something converges or comes together you percieve the convergence as increasing distance
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Light and Shadow
- important monocular cue
- brighter objects are closer
- different degrees of light and shadow on an object provides clues about the object's three-dimensional shape
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Motion Parallax
- important monocular cue
- a change in position of an object caused by motion
- driving in a car: closer objects move behind you, further away objects slow and move in your direction
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Perceptual Constancy
- percieving objects as not changing even though there is constantly changing sensory information
- size consistency
- shape consistency
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Perceptual Set
- an expectation that creates a tendency to interpret sensory information in a particular way
- influenced by your culture and experiences
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Perceptual Illusion
a misperception of physical reality caused by misapplluing one or more perceptual principles
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Mieller-Lyer Illusion
- misperceiving the length of lines when either inward or outward facing "wings" are placed on the ends of the lines
- fashion designers rely on this principle to make women's legs appear longer when wearing high-cut bathing suits
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The Ponzo Illusion
an example of misapplying the momcular distance cure of linear perspective
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Stroboscopic Movement
the illusion of movement produced by a rapid pattern of stimulation of different parts of the retina
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The Moon Illusion
When the moon appears to be about 11/2 times larger when near the horizon than when high in the sky
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Subliminal Perception
the processing of information that is below your threshold of conscious awareness
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Extrasensory Perception
the ability to perceive events in the world without using the normal senses
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Parapsychology
the field that studies ESP and other paranormal phenomena
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