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What is Grey and White Matter?
- Grey - Neurons
- White - Neuroglia (supporting structure), connects Grey Matter areas, largest being the Corpus Callosum
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What are Astrocytes?
- Neuroglia
- Anchor to capillaries
- Regulate chemicals
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What are Microglia?
- Neuroglia
- Immune System of CNS
- Inflammation + Macrophages
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What are Ependymal Cells?
- Line brain/spine cavities
- Cilia 'sweep' CSF
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What are Oligodendrocites?
- In white matter- Myelin Sheaths
- In grey matter- buffer electrolytes
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What are Neurons?
- Grey Matter
- 100 billion
- Form synapses
- Grouped in functional areas
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What embryological structure is the brain formed from?
The Neural Tube
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What are the Ventricles in the brain?
- 4th inferior connects subarachnoid space
- Continuous with one another and central canal of spinal cord
- Filled with CSF
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What protects the brain?
- Mechanical - Cranium, meninges, CSF, BBB
- Chemical - Electrolytes, nutrients, glucose, O2
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What is the outermost meningeal layer and its role?
- Dura Mater
- Periosteal
- Forms Dural sinuses, collecting venous blood
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What is the middle Meningeal layer and its role?
- Arachnoid Membrane
- Loose brain covering
- Sub Arachnoid space w/CSF, blood vessels and attachments to Pia Mater
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What is the innermost meningeal layer and its role?
- Pia Mater
- Tightly clings to brain
- Delicate
- Rich in blood vessels
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What is Cerebrospinal Fluid and its role?
- Cushions
- Nutritious and oxygenated
- High turn over
- Formed in Choroid Plexuses via Ependymal cells
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What is the Falx Cerebri?
- Saggital Fold in Dura Mater
- Limits Brain movement
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What is Tentorium Cerebelli?
- Inferior Transverse fold in Dura Mater
- Divides Brain into fore and hind
- Isolates Cerebellum (intratentorial)
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What is the basic supply route of blood to the Forebrain?
- Internal Carotid to either
- Anterior Cerebral Artery - Wraps around Corpus Callosum
- Middle Cerebral Artery - Frontal, Parietal, Temporal Lobes
- Posterior Cerebral Artery - Midbrain, Thalamus, Optic Lobe, Corpus Callosum
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What is the basic supply route of blood to the Hindbrain?
- Vertebral Arteries through Foramen Magnum
- Supplies Pons, Cerebellum, Middle ear
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What is the basic Venous return route?
- Drains to Venous Plexuses and Dural Sinuses to Internal Jugular
- Superficial Veins drain into Cerebral Cortex and form Great Cerebreal Vein
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What is the purpose of Sulci and Gyri?
To increase the surface area of the brain
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Where are the Motor Areas located?
- Primary on Posterior Frontal Lobe (Somatic)
- Premotor Anterior to Primary (Habits)
- Frontal Eye Field Anterior Premotor (Eyes)
- Broca's Area Anterior to Premotor (Mouth/Speech)
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Where are the General Sensory Areas?
- Primary Somatosensory - Posterior Primary Motor Cortex (Spacial Discrimination)
- Somatosensory Association - Posterior Primary SS (Temperature, Pressure, 'understanding')
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Where are the Visual Areas?
- Primary Visual - most posterior Occipital
- Visual Association - Anterior to PS (Colour, movement, form_
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Where is the Auditory area?
Located Temporally, signals from cochlear send pitch, rhythm, intensity
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Where are the smell, taste and vestibular areas?
- Olfactory Corticies - Frontal and temporal (conscious awareness)
- Gustatory Cortex - Parietal Lobe
- Vestibular Cortex - Deep Temporal
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What is the Prefrontal Cortex?
Anterior portion of Frontal lobes, intellect, complex learning, recall and personality
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