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Amphoteric
any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in solution
such as an amino acid
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Buffer
something that will resist changes in the pH
substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original or constant pH of the solution
-
contaminated water
water which contains poisenous inorganic and/or organic toxins
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Dehydration
the process of removing water molecules from a hydrate
-
Hard Water
water which contains soluble calcium, magnesium, or iron salts
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Hydrates
compounds which join with water molecules to form a new substance, instead of ionizing or splitting apart in water
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Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)
the measure of the relative strength of an acid or base
measures how many hydrogen ions [H +1] are present in a solution
- below 7 - acidic or an acid
- above 7 - basic or alkaline or a base
-
Hydrolysis
the process of decomposition of any substance when placed in the presence of water
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Hygroscopic substances
any substance which has a natural affintiy to water
-
Impure water
water which contains substances other tha hydrogen and oxygen in a two to one ratio
-
Oxide compound
compounds which contain oxygen
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Permanent Hard Water
water in which the salt cannot be removed by boiling (physical means)
-
pH
Hydrogen Ion Concentration
the measure of the relative strength of an acid or base
measures how many hydrogen ions [H+1] are present in a solution
- below 7 - acidic or an acid
- above 7 - basic or alkaline or a base
-
Polluted Water
water which contains substances which alter the waters physical characteristics
substance changes the waters color, odor or taste, itis a pollutant
-
Potable Water
water which is fit to drink
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Pure Water
water which contains no other elements other than hydrogen and oxygen in a two to one ration
distilled water
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Inorganic Salt Compound
a compound which contains metal elements or radicals and non-metal elements or radicals
will yield both metal and non-metal ions upon hydrolysis
substances that ionize and produce ions OTHER than H+ or OH-
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Soft Water
water which contains soluble sodium or potassium based salts
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Temporary Hard Water
water in which the salt can be removed by boiling (physical method)
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Turbid Water
water containing anything that makes the water have a cloudy appearance
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Urotropin
neutral compound created when ammonia combines with formaldehyde based substances
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Acidus means what?
Latin for sour
Acids have a sour taste
-
Describe an ammonia molecule.
contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen
NH33
when proteins decompose or metabolize, ammonia is produced
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How can permanent hard water be purified?
the addition of another compound transforms the soluble salt into an insoluble form which will then precipitate out of the solutionpurifying the water
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How can temporary hard water be purified?
physical means (boiling)
-
How many classes of inorganic compounds are there?
-
Substances that ionize and produce ions other than hydrogen and hydroxide ions are?
Inorganic salt compounds
-
What are compounds that contain oxygen called?
Oxides
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What are the chemical names for water?
Dihydrogen Oxide
Hydrogen Hydroxide
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What are the constituents of a base?
metal elements or metal radicals
AND
hydroxide
-
What are the constituents of a salt compound?
metal elements or radicals
AND
non-metal elements or radicals
-
What are the constituents of an acid?
Hydrogen
AND
non-metal element or non-metal radical
-
What are the two uses for hydrogen peroxide we mentioned?
Disinfecting agent
AND
Bleaching agent
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What are two ways an embalmer can neutralize the calcium in tap water for embalming?
employing arterial fluids which contain water conditioning or anti-coagulent ingredients
OR
treating the water with a soft water conditioner machine
-
What compound did we discuss that is formed when proteins decompose?
Ammonia
NH3
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What compounds cause hard water?
Soluble Calcium, Magnesium, or Iron salts
-
What compounds cause soft water?
Soluble Sodium or Potassium based salts
-
What do acids taste like?
Sour taste
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What do bases taste like?
Bitter taste
-
What does the pH scale measure(2)?
the relative strength of an acid or base
how many hydrogen ions [H+1] are present in a solution
-
What does the presence of formic acid in the body cause?
formation of edema
human tissue to imbibe (soak up, take up) water
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What does the word Alkali mean?
Ash
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What forms when formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide combine?
formic acid
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What happens to hydrogen peroxide when exposed to light and air?
easily lose the extra atom of oxygen and become water
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What happens when an acid and a base are combined (2)?
salt & water (oxide)
-
What happens when formaldehyde based substances and ammonia combine?
Urotropin
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What is an example of pure water?
Distilled water
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What is another word to describe bases?
Alkali
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What is the chemical cousin to water that has an extra atom of oxygen?
hydrogen peroxide
-
What is the Latin word for acid?
Acidus
-
What is the most abundent compound on earth?
- Water
- OR
- Dihydrogen oxide
- OR
- Hydrogen hydroxide
-
What is the range of the pH scale?
0 to 14
-
What is the universal solvent?
Water
-
What type of element tends to form acids?
non-metals
-
What type of reaction occurs when you combine an acid and a bsse?
Neutralization reaction
-
What happens to the leftovers from that reaction?
-
What will a salt yield upon hydrolysis (2)?
- metal ion
- AND
- non-metal ion
-
What will acids always produce upon hydrolysis?
Hydrogen ions
-
What will bases always produce upon hydrolysis?
Hydroxide ions
-
What will the application of heat to a hydrate compound cause?
the heat drives the water away creating an anhydrate or dry substance
Dehydration
-
Where on the pH scale are acids and bases measureed as strongest, the ends of the scale or near the middle?
Ends
-
Where will a salt fall on the pH scale and why?
it won't, because no hydrogen nor hydroxide ions are released during ionization
-
Where will the pH of a base fall on the pH scale?
between above 7
-
Where will the pH of an acid fall on the pH scale?
below 7
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