Med Term 4

crooked or stiff

joint

arm

neck

cartilage (gristle)

rib

skull

digit (finger or toe)

fascia (a band)

femur

fiber

humped-back

smooth

bent

loin (lower back)

muscle

bone marrow or spinal cord

bone

knee cap

pelvis (basin) or hip bone

radius

rod shaped or striated (skeletal)

flesh

twisted

vertebra

sternum (breastbone)

tendon (to stretch)

chest

tone or tension

ulna

bones of the shoulder, pelvis and upper and lower exteremities

bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone (u-shaped bone at base of tongue)

specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes; forms skeleton

tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones

mesh like bone tissue found in interior of bones and surrounding the medullary cavity

bones of arms and legs

bones of wrists and ankles

bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis and skull

bones of vertebrae and face

round bones found near joints

wide ends of a long bone (physis = growth)

shaft of long bone

growth zone between epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone

membrane lining the medullary cavity of bone

cavity within shaft of long bones, filled with bone marrow

soft, connective tissue within medullary cavity

functions to form red blood cells, some white, and platelets; found in cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in formation of red blood cells

fibrous, vascular membrane that covers bone

gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate

joint

fibrous sac between certain tnedons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

flate, plate like structure compose of fibrocartilaginous tissue between vertebrae that reduces friction

soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by synovial membrane

tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or a part of the body

voluntary muscle attached to skeleton

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

heart muscle

muscle end atached to bone that does not move when the muscle contracts

muscle end attached to bone that moves when the muscle contracts

band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscle

vertical division of body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

vertical division of the body into right and left positions

horizontal divison of body into upper and lower portions

front of body

back of body

from front to back, as in reference to the direction an x-ray beam

situated above another structure; toward head

below another structure; away from head

toward beginning or origin of structure

away from beginning or origin of a structure

toward middle (midline)

toward side

imaginary line that runs through center of body or body part

normal standing position

lying down esp in bed (decumbo = to lie down)

lying face down and flat

lying down

horizontal recument (lying flat on back "on spine")

bending at joint so angle between bones is decreased

straightening of joing so angle is increased

away from body

toward body

circular movement around axis

turning outward

turning inward

turning of palmar surface (palm) or plantar surface (foot) upward or forward

turning of palmar surface (palm) or plantar surface (foot) downward or backward

bending of foot or toes upward

bending of sole of the foot by curling toes toward the ground

total motion possible in joint; measured to degrees (ability to flex, extend, etc)

instrument used to measure joint angles

joint pain

shrinking of muscle size

grating suond sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones

projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

flabby, relaxed or having defective or absent muscle tone

increase in size of tissue, such as muscle

reduced muscle tone or tension

muscle pain

bone pain

stiffness; stiff muscle

drawing in; involuntary muscle contraction

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements (Resembles spasm)

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

stiff joint condtion

inflammation of joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth,  and limitation of motion

most common form of arthritis, affecting weight bearing joints, characterized by erosion of articular cartilage

most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chronic systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial ankylosis and deformity

acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint (esp big toe) , caused by hyperuricemia (excessive level of uric acid in blood)

bone tissue that has died from loss of blood suply, such as can occur after a fracture

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by the inflammation of the bursa

inflamattion of a bursa

softening of cartilage

inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone

broken or cracked bone

broken bone with no open wound

compound fracture; broken bone with open wound

nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extrensive treatment to repair

displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

line of the break of broken bone

broken in many small pieces

bending and incomplete break of a bone; children

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulpous protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

bone marrow tumor

inflammation of muscle

muscle tumor

smooth muslce tumor

malignant smooth muscle tumor

skeletal muscle tumor

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type most common

bone tumor

malignant bone tumor

disease marked by softening of bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

osteomalacia in children; bone deformity

infection of bone and bone marrow

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity; causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily (porosis = passage)

curvatures of spine or spinal column

abnormal posterior curvature of thoracic spine (humped-back condition)

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-Shaped curve)

forward sliping of a lumbar vertebra (listhesis = slipping)

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration

injury to ligament caused by joint trama w/o dislocation / fracture

partial dislocation

inflammation of tendon

a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle both at rest and contraction; used to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders (muscular dystrophy)

nonioninzing imaging using magnetic fields and radio waves to visualize anatomic structures

an ioninzing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes

nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect tumor, malignancy, etc.

radiograph ofa joint taken after injection of contrast medium

partial or complete removal of a limb

puncture for aspiration of a joint

binding or fusing of joint surfaces

repair or reconstruction of a joint

procedure using arthroscope to examine, diagnose and repair a joint from within

transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect

excision of a bursa

repair of muscle

internal surgical repair of fracture by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them in place with devices such as plates, screws and pins

repair of bone

incision into bone

spinal fusion

division of tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle

external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing

use of stiff, solid dressing aorund limb to immobilize it during healing

use of rigid device to immobilize or restrain broken bone; provides less support than cast but can be adjusted more easily due to swelling

application of a pulling force to fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing

external manipulation of fracture to regain alignment, followed by insertion of one or more pins through skin to maintain postition. often includes use of an external device called a fixator to keep fracture immobilized during healing

use of orthopedic appliance to maintain a bones position or to provide support

drug that relieves pain

potent analgesic with addictive properties

drug that reduces inflammation

drug that relieves fever

group of drugs with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties commonly used to treat arthritis