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What are the three things the lymphatic system does? Hint - Concentrates, Circulate and eliminate
- Concentrates on foreign substances in organs;
- Lymphocytes circulate through the system;
- They eliminate wastes
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What are the three components of the lymphatic system?
Lymph, lymphatics and lymph structures/organs
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What is a pale yellow fluid that flows towards the heart, is similiar to blood but has less protein?
Lymph
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What is lymph?
A pale yellow fluid that flows towards the heart. Lymph is similiar to blood, but has less protein.
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What are the vessels that transport the lymph known as?
lymphatics
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What does the lymphatic do?
It transports the lymph through vessels and delivers the good lymph back to the venous system
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What are lymphatic structures and organs?
lymphatic tissues, known as lymphoid, and lymphocytes
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What are three types of lymphatic tissues?
Diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules and lymphatic organs
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What lymphatic tissue is not enclosed by a capsure, found in the CT mucus membrane and is located in the GI tract, respiratory system and reproductive system?
Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue
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Where is the Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue located?
GI tract, respiratory and reproductive systems
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What part of the lymph is the diffuse lymphatic tissue located?
It's found in the CT of a mucus membrane and is not in an enclosed capsule
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Is the diffuse lymphatic tissue surrounded by an enclosed capsule?
No
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Is a lymphatic nodule enclosed by a capsule?
No
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What do the lymphatic structures appear as? Hint - shape, size
Oval shaped, small and isolated
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Where will you find the lymphatic nodules?
Same areas as the diffuse lymphatic tissue, gi tract, respiratory and reproductive system
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Are lymphatic organs enclosed in a capsule?
Yes
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Where are lymphatic organs located?
Spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes
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What do lymphatic organs consist of?
lymphatic tissues
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What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?
Transports, protects and drain the interstitial fluid from the tissues
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What does the lymphatic system drain and what does it do with it?
The lymphatics drain the interstitial fluid from the tissues and then return the leaked protein to the cardio vascular system
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What does the lymphatic system transport?
The lymphatic system transports fats from GI tract to blood via lacteals
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What does the lymphatic system protect?
The lymphatic system protects the body from foreign cells
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What are three kinds of cells that the lymphatic system produces to help protect the body from foreign cells?
B cells, T cells and helper cells
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What do the B cells do to help protect the body from foreign cells?
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies which reacts to antigens, also known as, liquid immunity
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What do T cells do to help protect the body from foreign cells?
The T cells destroy the foreign cells directly
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What do the Helper cells do to help protect the body from foreign cells?
The helper cells help to regulate the immune response
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What are the four steps the lymphatic vessels go through? Essay question Hint - Where it starts, how they end and what they do with protein, how they merge and where the lymph is delivered (two main ducts)
- 1. Start out in spaces between the cells as lymph capillaries
- 2. They end blindly and return proteins that have been leaked out back to the cardio system
- 3. Then lymph capillaries merge to form larger veins
- 4. Delivers the lymph into the large thoracic duct and the right lymphatic ducts
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When the lymph capillaries merge to form a larger vein, what is the description given for the veins?
They're thin walled and contain more valves than veins
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When the lymph capillaries merge to form a larger vein, what is also along the pathway to the ducts?
Lymphatic vessels contain lymph nodes along the way to help destroy foreign cells
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When the lymph capillaries merge to form a larger vein, how do they follow a path and where?
They lymphatic capillaries merge together to form veins and follow in the skin along the subcutaneous layer.
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When the lymph capillaries merge to form a larger vein, what do they follow in the digestive tract?
The lymph capillaries merge to form larger veins and then follow the arteries in the digestive system
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Does the lymphatic vessels follow the subcutaneous layer of the skin in the digestive tract?
No
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Where does the lymphatic vessels follow the arteries to reach the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct?
The lymphatic vessels follow the arteries in the digestive system to reach the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct
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What do the lymphatic nodes consist of?
clumps of lymph nodules, clustered together to form the lymph nodes
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Are the lymph nodes covered in a CT capsule?
Yes
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Where are lymph nodes located?
Along the lymphatic system throughout the body
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What do the lymph nodes look like?
They're oval shaped
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What are two things the lymph nodes do?
They filter and destroy pathogens. The lymph nodes also produce lymphocytes
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What are the three lymphatic organs? Hint - tonsils
Tonsils, pharyngeal, palantine and lingual
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What does a tonsil consist of?
multiple aggregations of large nodules in the mucus membrane
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What are the three types of tonsils in the body?
Pharyngeal, palantine and lingual
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Where is the pharyngeal located?
The pharyngeal is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
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What is another word for the pharyngeal when it is swollen? Hint - forms
Adenoid
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Where is the palantine located?
along each side of the uvula
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Where is the lingual located?
the lingual is located at the base of the tongue
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What do all three tonsil types, pharyngeal, palantine and lingual produce?
Lymphocytes and antibodies. The pharyngeal, palantine and lingual help with inhaled pathogens
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Where is the spleen located?
The spleen is located on the left side of the body
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What are two characteristics of the spleen?
The spleen is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body and does not filter lymph, but it does produce lymphocytes and antibodies. Assists with Phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out RBC's
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What assists with phagocytosis and worn out RBC's?
Spleen
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What is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
Spleen
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What is the only lymph organ that doesn't filter lymph, but still produces lymphocytes and antibodies?
The spleen
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Where is the thymus gland located?
The thymus gland is located posterior to the sternum and heart
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What is the spleen functions in immunity?
The spleen destroys and invades microbes and hormones
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What happens to the thymus gland around puberty?
The thymus reaches maximal development at about puberty and then undergoes gradual involution.
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What is the route the lymph takes during circulation when traveling to the thoracic duct?
Interstitial fluid to lymph capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (the main collecting duct) which is on the left side of the body to the heart
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What is the route the lymph takes during circulation when traveling to the right lymphatic duct?
Interstitial fluid to the lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes to the right lymphatic duct to subclavian veins and then to the heart
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What are the two duct systems in the body for the lymphatic system?
Thoracic duct and Right lymphatic duct
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What is the main duct system of the body?
Thoracic duct system
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Which duct system is not the main duct system of the body?
The right lymphatic duct system
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