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what is a radiation dosimeter?
- a small devic that detects and measures exposure to radiation
- eg used by astronauts and people who work with radioactive materials
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What is Electricity?
A form of energy that results from the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons or protons.
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What is static charge/static electricity?
- an electric cahrge that tends to stay on the surface of an object, rather than flowing away quickly
- eg. rubbing feet on floor, charge on body until you touch another object
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What is charging by friction?
- a process in which objects made from different materials rub against each other, producing a net static charge on each
- eg. sock and shirt in dryer
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what is an electrostatic series?
a lost of materials that have been arranged according to their ability to hold onto electrons. weakest ability at top 
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what is an insulator?
- a material in which electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another
- eg. wood
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what is a conductor?
- a material in which electrons can move easily between atoms
- eg. metals
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what is a semiconductor?
- a material in which electrons can move fairly well between atoms
- eg. silicon
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what is ground?
an object that can supply a very large number of electrons to, or can remove a very large number of electrons from, a charged object, thus neutralizing the object
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what is an electroscope?
- a device for detecting the presence of an electric charge
- eg. meatl leaf electroscope, pith ball electroscope
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what is charging by contact?
- generating a charge on a neutral object by touching it with a charged object
- eg. contact with a negatively charged object gives a neutral pith ball a negative charge
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what are the laws of electric charges?
- laws that describe how two objects interact electrically when both charged
- <-- + +--> and <-- - - -->
- +--><-- -
- + --> <--() and ()--><-- -
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what is an electric field?
- a property of the space around a charged object, where the effect of its charge can be felt by other objects
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what is induced charge separation?
- the movement of electrons in a substance, caused by the electric field of a nearby charged object, without direct contact between the substance and the object
- (see textbook page 415 for detailed diagram)
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what is an ion?
- a charged atom or group of atoms
- ie.formed in the process of lightning
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what is a lightning rod?
a metal sphere or point, attatched to the highest point of a building and connected to the ground
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what is an electrostatic precipitator?
- a type of cleaner that removes unwanted particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas
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what is a van de graff generator?
- a device that accumulated very large charges
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