SUR 101 unit 4

2 different grades of instruments

instruments that are made from inferior metals, tend to bend and break, show staining and are used in less critical applications?

instruments constructed of high quality stainless steel, carbon, chromium, etc., and resist bending, pitting, scratching and dulling

most common metal used in surgical instruments but also subject to corrosion

instrument finish that reflects light and may cause glare

instrument finish that reduces glare and light reflection which can lead to eye fatigue

which finish tends to stain more easily from the effects of detergents and low water quality?

black chromium finish used for laser surgery

what does ebony finish prevent?

maintains sharp edge in scissors and gripping ability in needle holders

what are instruments with tungsten carbide inserts usually manufactured with?

area on an instrument where the lever moves

sharpened

instruments used for blood vessels

instruments used on fibrous tissue

clamp that has one or more ratchets that remain closed after they are set

what kind of mechanism do microsurgical instruments use?

what are thumb forceps used for?

what are toothed forceps used for?

what are smooth forceps used for?

what type of forceps are Martin and Russian forceps?

what are Bayonet forceps used for?

biting clamp

what are biting clamps used for?

tenaculum

inserted into a bone for manipulation

has locking ratchets but the tips do not close tightly over the tissue

what is atraumatic clamp used for?

what is Babcock clamp used for?

long clamp placed across a tissue structure at an approximate right angle

when is cross clamping frequently used?

what does a hemostat do?

what do Kelly, Crile and mosquito hemostats do?

what do right-angled clamps do?

capable of varying low levels of compression between its jaws and are angled to allow access to blood vessels

examples of vascular clamps

what blades fit scalpel handles 3, 3L, 7, 9?

what blades fit scalpel handles 4, 4L?

Beaver blade handle

what are tissue scissors for?

what are small, sharp-tipped scissors (tenotomy scissors) used for?

when are castroviejo scissors used?

what are round-tipped, light dissecting scissors (Metzenbaum scissors) used for?

what are heavy, curved Mayo scissors used for?

what are straight Mayo scissors used for?

what is a rongeur used for?

single-action rongeur

double-action rongeur

for which procedures are heavier rongeur (Stille) used?

what is long-handled Kerrison rongeur used for?

what is long, fine-tipped pituitary rongeur used for?

large cutting instruments used to cut bone

designed with small cup with sharpened, serrated, or smooth rim and used for scooping out tissue

what are very fine curettes used for?

what are larger, heavier curettes used for?

what are soft tissue curettes used for?

orthopedic cutting instrument used with a mallet

used to remove bone from the iliac crest for use as a graft elsewhere in the body

V-shaped bone chisel
looks like a small trough

used to separate or "elevate" the tissue

elevator that slices tissue as it elevates it

very finely balanced elevators used in soft tissue surgery and vascular surgery to separate atherosclerotic plaque from inside blood vessel

elevator with short handle and strong tip making it ideal for separating connective tissue planes without causing bleeding

used to remodel bone

used to ream medullary canal of long bones in preparation for an implant

used to gently move away tissue layers, blood vessels, nerves, organs, etc. from the focal point of operation as the wound is deepened

5 descriptions of retractors

retractor used in abdominal procedures

retractor used only for connective tissue

designed to grasp the undersurface of superficial tissues

self-retaining retractor used in cardiovascular surgery

retractors used for superficial incisions such as in the groin

rounded, tubular or tube-like instruments used to widen or stretch the inside diameter of a lumen

removal of tissue by scraping with a surgical curette

used to prepare the bone for joint implant

used in orthopedic surgery to determine the length of screws to be implanted into bone

trial, reusable replica of an implantable prosthesis - allows surgeon to test a replica before surgery

used to grasp a curved needle during suturing

needle holder that is too delicate for the needle will cause what?

needed during a surgical procedure to clear blood, fluids, and small bits of tissue debris from the surgical site to provide unobstructed view

suction designed for abdominal surgery

suction designed for chest cavity and throat

designed to suction in superficial areas in the face, neck, and ear, and in neurological and some peripheral vascular procedures

how do you clean debris and blood clots from suction tips during surgery?

fine membrane that covers organs of the body

what types of instruments are needed when handling serosa and why?

tissue that is very delicate, tends to bleed profusely, tears easily and has little or no resilience

examples of friable tissue 

clamps used on lumens, such as intestines, fallopian tubes, etc. should be?

examples of clamps used for lumens

tissue that is resilient and able to withstand a limited amount of stretching without injury

examples of elastic tissue

tissue that is heavy with fluid, inflamed or diseased

type of tissue that has high fat content

tissue with few blood vessels compared with other types of tissue

tissue that is resilient and somewhat springy when healthy

cartilage and tendon strength

what is fascia often grasped with?

areas where a tubular structure forms a Y

purpose of debulking instruments (chisels, osteotomes, gouges, rasps and files)

instruments that remove a small piece of tissue for pathologic examination

instruments that remove soft tissue or bone by scraping with the sharp edge of the loop, ring or scoop

blades that are rounded toward the tip and often used to open skin

blades that have a linear edge with sharp tip - can be used to make initial skin puncture for tiny, deep incisions

blades that have a curved cutting surface like a hook - used for tonsillectomy

blades that have a short rounded edge for shallow, short controlled incisions

blades shaped similar to number 10 blades but larger

used to mark tissue and to occlude vessels or small lumens of tubes

designed for closing the end of a hollow organ with a double-staggered line of staples

commonly used for bowel anastomosis after resection

involves application of negative pressure (less than atmospheric pressure) for evacuating blood or fluids for visibility at the surgical site

used to cut through tissues for access to fluid or body cavity

two parts of trocar

instrument with blunt end and perforations around the tip used to aspirate fluid without cutting into tissue and also used to open blocked vessels or ducts

what types of dilators are used to dilate the uterine cervix?

used to explore a structure or to locate an obstruction, and used to explore depth of a wound or to trace the path of a fistula

air-powered instruments

how do air-powered instruments work?

electrically-powered instruments

how are battery-operated instruments used in the sterile field?

alternating current