-
outer skin layer
epidermis
-
epidermis consists
- stratum corneum
- basal layer
-
basal layer cells
melanocytes (pigment melanin)
-
generic term for male hormone
androgen
-
-
tolerable levels of the body
homeostasis
-
pouch of skin in the male that consist testicles
scrotum
-
formation of complex substances
synthesis
-
beneath epidermis
- dermis (corium) living tissue
- hair folicles. subaceous (oil) gland, sudroriferous (sweat)
-
binds dermis to underlying structures
subcutaneous layer
-
dermis glands
- secrete ouside the body
- sudoriferous- to cool body, get rid of waste, moisten
- subaceous-secrete sebum, destroys harmful organisms on the skin
-
hair
- hair shaft
- hair follicle
- papilla (loop of vapillaries)
- melinocyrtes (pigment)
-
nails
- nail root (composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells)
- nail bed (nail statys attached to)
- nail body
- lanula (half-moon-shaped)
-
skin function
- defense against pathogens
- cutaneous blood vessel constrict to regulate body temp
- absorbs vitamin D
- stores adipose - for energy
- pleasurable sensation
- stretches-growth of fetus
- excretin waste
- receptors
- hair filters air for respiration
-
fat (2)
- adip/o adiposis
- lip/o lipocele (hernia containing fat)
-
skin 4
- steat/o steatitis (infl. of fatty tissue)
- cutane/o sub/cutane/ous (pertaining to beneath the skin
- dermat/o dermat/o/plasty (surg. repair of the skin)
- derm/o hypo/derm/ic (pr.t. under the skin)
-
sweat 2
- hidr/o hidr/adentis (infl. of sweat glands)\
- sudor/o sudor/esis (profuse sweating)
-
dry, scaly
ichthy/o ichthy/osis (abn. cond. of scaly skin)
-
horny tissue, hard, cornea
kerat/o kerat/osis (abn. cond. horny tissue)
-
black
melan/o melon/ema (black tumor)
-
fungus
myc/o dermat/o/myc/osis (fungal infection of the skin)
-
nail 2
onuch/o onych/o/malacia ( softening of the nails)
unku/o ungu/al (p.t. nails)
-
hair 2
pil/o pil/o/nid/al (p.t. hair in a nest)
trich/o trich/o/pathy( disease involving hair)
-
hardening
scler/o scler/o/derma
-
sebum, sebaceous
seb/o seb/o/rrhea (discharge of sebum)
-
scale
squam/o squam/ous(p.t. skales)
-
foreign, strange
xen/o xen/o/graft (skin transplantation from foreigh donor)
-
dry
xer/o xer/o/dema (dry skin)
-
-
skin suff.
-derma py/o/derma (pus in the skin)
-
specialist in the study
-logist dermat/o/logist
-
cold
cry/o cry/o/therapy (treatment with cold)
-
with, wothout
an- an/hidr/osis (abn. condition of absence of sweat)
-
through
dia- dia/phoresis (excessive sweating)
-
above
epi- epi/derm/is (p.t. above the skin)
-
same
homo- homo/graft (transplantation of tissue between same species)
-
excessive
hyper- hyper/hidr/osis (profuse sweating)
-
under, below
sub- sub/ungu/al (p.t. beneath the nail)
-
areas of the tissue that have been pathologically altered
lesion (primary and secondary)
-
burns
- 1st superficial
- 2nd damage epidermis+dermis
- 3rd +connective tissue. insensitive to touch
-
tumor
- stages:
- 1- cells well differentiated
- 2-moderly differentiated (incr. mitosis)
- 3-poorly (greatly incr. mitosis)
- 4-very poorly
-
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
abscess
-
infl. disease of sebacous glands and hair follicle
acne
-
partial or complete loss of hair(normal age)
alopecia
-
form of intraepidermal carcinoma. red brown scaly crusted lesions
bowen disease
-
diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneus tissue
cellulitis
-
pigmentary skin discoloratios usually occuring in yellowish brown patches or spots
chloasma
-
typical small skin lesion of acne vullgar is caused by accumulation of keratin, and dried sebum plugging an exceretory duct of the skin
comedo
-
skin discoloration consisting large irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing blue,black, brown, yellow
echymosis
-
chronic skin infl. characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales...
eczema
-
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
erythema
-
damaged tissue following severe burn
eschar
-
bacterial skin infection, isolate pustles that become crustef and rupture
impetigo
-
small brown macules, face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, middle-aged person
lentigo
-
unnatural paleness
pallor
-
infestation woth lice
pediculosis
-
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
petechia
-
skin ulcer
pressure ulcer
-
-
chronic skin disease, red patches covered by thick dry silvery adherent scales
psoriasis
-
severe bleeding disorder. hemorrhage into the tissue beneath the skin or mucous membranes
purpura
-
contagious disease by mite
scabies
-
fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected, ringworm
tinea
-
allergic reaction of the skin. pale ted, elevated patchs wheals or hives.
urticaria
-
epidermal growth caused by virus. warts.
verruca
-
localized loss of skin pigmentation. milk-white patches
vitiligo
-
removal of necrotized tissue from wound by surgical excision, enzymes or chemical agents
debridement
-
tissue distruction by means of high-frequency electric current
fulguration
-
skin transplant
- skin graft
- alograft, autograft, synthetic, xenograft
-
antifungals 2
- ringworm, athletes foot, fungal inf.,
- nustatin
- intraconazole
-
antihistamines
- inhibit allergic rxnof infl., redness, itching
- diphenhydramine (benedril)
- loratadine (claritin)
-
antiseptics
- inhibit growth of bacteria
- ethyl alcohol
- hydrogen peroxide
-
corticosteroids
- decrease inflm. by suppressong immune systems infl. response
- hydrocortizone
- triamcinolone
-
keratolytics
- destroy and soften the outer layer of the skin so that it is sloughed off
- tretinoin
-
parasiticides
- kill insect parasites
- lindane
- permethrin
-
protectives
- cover, cool, dry, soothe
- lotions
- ointments
-
topical anesthetics
- blocks sensation
- lindocaine
- procane
-
-
-
XP,XDP
xerodesma pigmentosum
-
mouth anatomy
oral or buccal cavity
-
tooth
enamel, dentin, pulp embedded in gums (gingiva)
-
-
tongue
papillae contains taste buds
-
orange colored or yellowish pigment in bile
bilirubin
-
mass of mastificated food ready to swollow
bolus
-
glads that secrete through execretory ducts
exocrine
-
circular band of muscle fibers that constrict the passage or closes natural opening
sphincter
-
hard and soft plates
- hard --- anterior
- soft--- posterior (mouth and nasopharynx)
-
pharynx
- divids into trachea and esophagus
- cartilage- epiglottis
-
stomach
- LUQ
- lower esophageal sphincter
- fundus upper portion
- pylorus- most digestion
- rugae- microscopic longitudinal folds
- chyme- semiliquid form of food
- pyloric sphincter -food leaves through, prohibits backflow
-
rythmic muscle contractions
peristalsis
-
small intestines
- duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- enzymes from pancreas, liver
- nutrients absorbed
- ileocecal valve-unabsorbed food pases to colon
-
large intestines
- secrete mucus
- cecum( has appendix)
- colon (water absorbtion, minerals;ascending-hepatic flexure-, transverse-spleenic flexure-,descending,sigmoid)
- rectum
-
liver
bile production, remove glucose , store B12 A D E K, destroy toxic products, destroy old erythrocytes, produce blood proteins,
-
pancreas
- insulin, digestive enzymes (tripsyn, amylase, lipase)
- pancreatic duct and hepatic duct enters duodenum
-
gallbladder
- storage of bile
- release into duodenum
- bile- fat digestion
-
mouth 2
- or/o or/al
- stomat/o stomat/itis
-
tongue 2
- gloss/o gloss/ectomy
- lingu/o lingu/al
-
-
lip 2
- cheil/o cheil/o/plasty
- labi/o labi/al
-
teeth
- dent/o dent/ist
- odont/o orth/odont/ist (orth/o straighten)
-
gum
gingiv/o gingiv/ectomy
-
saliva
sial/o sial/o/lith (calculus in the salivary duct)
-
esophagus
esophag/o esophag/o/scope
-
pharynx (troat)
pharyng/o pharyng/o/tosnill/itis
-
stomach
gastr/o gastr/algia pain in st.
-
pylorus
pylor/o pylor/o/spasm involuntary contraction of pyloric sphincer of the stomach
-
duodenum
duoden/o duoden/o/scopy visual exam.
-
intestines
enter/o enter/o/pathy
-
jejunum
jejun/o jejun/o/rrhaphy suture of jejunum
-
ileum
ile/o ile/o/stomy (creation of an opening)
-
appendix 2
- append/o append/ectomy
- appendic/o appendic/itis
-
colon
- col/o col/o/stomy
- colon/o colon/o/scopy
-
sigmoid colon
sigmoid/o sigmoid/o/tomy
-
rectum
rect/o rect/o/cele herniation of the rectum
-
anus/ rectum
proct/o proct/o/logist
-
-
liver
hepat/o hepat/o/megaly
-
pancreas
pancreat/o pancreat/o/lysis destruction of pancr.
-
bile vessel
cholangi/o cholangi/ole small terminal portion of the bie duct
-
bile, gall
chol/e chol/e/lith
-
gallbladder
cholecyst/o cholecyst/ectomy
-
bile duct
choledoch/o choledoch/o/plasty
-
vomit (suffix)
-emesis hyper/emesis
-
abnormal condition
-iasis chol/e/lith/iasis
-
enlargement (suffix)
-megaly hepat/o/megaly
-
appetite (suffix)
-orexia an/orexia
-
digestion (suffix)
-pepsia dys/pepsia
-
swallowing (suffix)
-phagia aer/o/phagia air swallowing
-
meal (suffix)
-prandial post/prandial
-
fat
steat/o/rrhea fat discharge
-
around
peri peri/sigmoind/itis
-
-
ulcer
- circumscribed open sore within body
- peptic ulcer- gastric, duodenal (PUD) HCL and pepsin
- ulcerative colitis-involves mucous lining inflamation , hrisk colon cancer
-
hernia pathology
- protrution through the wall
- inguinal, unbilicle, diaphragmic, hiatal (stomach)
- strangulated hernia (loss of blood supply)
-
intestinal obstruction
- mechanical (tumors, scar tissue, twisting, foreign bodies)
- nonmechanical (peristalsis is affected after surgery)
-
hemorrhoids
- enlarged mucous membrane of the anal canal
- due abdominal pressure
-
hepatitis
- infl. of liver
- yellowing due present of bilirubin(destroyed erythrocytes)
-
diverticulosis
- small blistersliek pockets in inner of the large intestine that might ballon through intestinal wall
- constipation, diarrhea, fewer, blood in bowel
-
oncology
neoplasm in epithelial or mucous lining in the stomack - gastric adenocarcinoma
-
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
-
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at the distance and caused by passage of gas through the liuquid contense of the intestine
barborygmus
-
physical wasting that includes weight and muscle loss (in AIDS)
cachexia
-
scarrung and dysfunctin of the liver cause by chronic liver disease
cirrhosis
-
chronic infl. possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
Crohn disease
-
act of swallowing
deglutition
-
epigastric discomfort felt after eating
dyspepsia
-
producing gas from the stomach (with sound)
eructation
-
backflow of gastric content into esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
-
-
vomiting with blood
hematemesis
-
symptoms: abdominal pain, altered bowel function
irritable bowel sundrome
-
impaired passage of nutriens, minerals and fluids though intestinal villi into blood or lymp
malabsorbtion syndrome
-
dark colored, tarry stools (presents of blood)
melena
-
severe constipation, caused by intestinal obstruction
obstipation
-
white spots or patches on the mucous memrane in oral cavity
oral leukoplakia
-
stricture or narrowing of the pylic sphincter
pyloric stenosis
-
backward flow from stomach to mouth
regurgitation
-
group of tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function and conditions of ten associated with biliary tract
liver function tests LFTs
-
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
serum bilirubin
-
substance to detect occult (hidden blood)n in the stool
stool guaiac
-
barium enema
with barium sulfate
-
xrayys of gallbladder after administration of a contrast materials
cholecystography
-
endoscopic procedure that visualize the bile and pancreatic ducts
endoscopic retrogate cholangiopancreatography ERCP
-
radiographic exam. of bile duct structures
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCP)
-
rad. exam. of salivary glands and ducts
sialography
-
surgical joining of two ducts
anastomosis
-
procedure to treat the morbid obesity
bariatric surgery
-
use of shock waves as an noninvasive method to break up the stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts
extracorporeal shockwave
-
excision of a polyp
polypectomy
-
insition of the longitudinal and cilcular musscles of the pylorus
pyloromyotomy
-
meds: neutalize acid
antiacid, calcium carbonate
-
meds: controls loose stool
- antidiarrheals,
- lopermide, kaolin/pectin
-
meds:control nausea by blocking nerve impulses
antiemetics
-
meds:decrease GI spasm
antispasmotic
-
meds: treat constipation
laxatives
-
ABC
aspiration biopsy cystology
-
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
-
AST
angiotensin sensitivity
-
EGD
esophagogastroduedenoscopy
-
HAV, HBV, HCV
hepatitis A,B,C virus
-
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
-
-
PTHC
percutanous transhepatic cholangeography
-
-
-
-
-
-
wall dividing two cavities
septum
-
thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities
serous membrane
-
nasopharynx anatomy
adenoids, palatine tonsils
-
lungs anatomy
mediastinum (heart aorta esophagus bronchi), serous membrane (pleura), visceral pleura (membrane closest to lungs), parietal pleura, pleural cavity.
-
respiration
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, trasport of respiratory gases, internal respiration
-
nose
- nas/o nasal
- rhin/o rhin/o/plasty
-
septum
sept/o sept/o/plasty
-
-
adenoid
adenoi/o adenoidectomy
-
tonsils
tonsill/o peritonsillar
-
larynx
laring/o laringoplegia (paralysis)
-
trachea (wind pipe)
trache/o trecheoplasty
-
bronchus
- bronchi/o bronchiectasis (dilation)
- bronch/o bronchoscope
-
bronciole
bronchiol/o bronchiolitis
-
air sac
alveol/o alveol/ar
-
pelura
pleur/o pleurocentesis (surgical puncture)
-
air, lung 3
- pleum/o pneumectomy
- pneumon/o pneumonia
- pulmon/o pulmonologist
-
coal dust
anthrac/o anthracosis
-
incomplete, imperfect
atel/o atelectasis (expansion)
-
dust
coni/o pneumoconiosis
-
-
straight
orth/o orthopnea brathing straiht
-
oxygen 2
- ox/i oximeter
- ox/o hypoxemia deficiency of O2 in blood
-
chest 3
- pector/o pectoralgia
- steth/o stethoscope
- thorac/o thoracopathy
-
diagphragm
phren/o phrenospasm
-
-
CO2 (suf.)
-capnia hypercapnia
-
smell (suf.)
-osmia anosmia
-
voice (suf.)
-phonia dysphonia
-
breathing (suf.)
-pnea apnea
-
spitting (suf.)
-ptysis hemoptysis
-
chest (suf.)
-thorax pyothorax
-
-
bad, painful
dys- dyspnea
-
-
-
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
astma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
-
emphysema
decreased elasticity of alveoli
-
pleural effusion
- abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity
- diagnose: austiculation, percussion
- transudate, exudate
-
-
cystic fibrosis
- heredity
- exocrine gland secrete extremely thick mucus---clogs pancreas and digestive tract
-
acute respitory distreww syndrome
alveoli fill with fluid saused by infl. and then collapse making O2 exchange impossible
-
excessive acidity of the body fluids
acidosis
-
condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
asphyxia
-
collapsed or airless state of the lung
atelectasis
-
repeated breathing pattern(fluctuation in the depth of respiration)
cheyne-Stokes respiration
-
ease with which lung tissue can be stretched
compliance
-
upper rep. infection
coryza
-
abn. resp. sound heard on ausculation
crackle
-
childhood cond. involving infl. of the larynx, trachea, bronchus, sometimes lungs
croup
-
displaces nostril cartilage
deviated nose septum
-
-
enlargement of phalanges (associated with pulmonary disease )
finger clubbing
-
infectious disease (caugh with whoop sound)
pertussis
-
infl. of pleural membrane , stabbing pain while breathing
pleurisy
-
disease caused by inhaling dust particles
pneumonoconiosis
-
abrn. breath sound heard on ausculation
rhonchus
-
high-pitc hed, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by spasm or swelling of the larynx
stridor
-
whistling sound caused by narrowing of the lumen
wheeze
-
intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity
mantoux test
-
monitoring the % of hemoglobin saturated oxygen
oximetry
-
test of sleep cycles
polusomnography
-
ABG
- arterial blood gas
- partial pressure measure of O2 CO2
-
medication in mist
aerosol therapy
-
washing out of an organ
lavage
-
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
thorecentesis
-
block histamine from binding histamine receptors (which causes sneezing, runny nose )
antihistamines
-
relieve or suppress caughing by blocking the cough reflex in medulla of the brain
antitussives
-
relax bronchial muscles
bronchodilators
-
act on immune system by blocking production of substance that trigger allergoc and imfl. actions
corticosteroids
-
constrict blood vessel of nasal passages and limit blood flow
decongestants
-
liquify respiratory secretions so they are more easily disloged
expectorants
-
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
-
-
FVC
forced vital capacity
-
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
-
IPPB
internal positive-pressure breathing
-
-
NMT
nebulizer mist treatment
-
PND
paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea
-
RD
raspitory distress syndrome
-
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
-
-
arteries
- tunica externa- connectice tissue
- tunica media - muscle
- tunica intima- endothelial
- pulse
-
thin, flattened structure (compose a heart valve)
leaflet
-
space within artery
lumen
-
-
state of being sticky or gummy
viscosity
-
capillaries
- single layer of endothelium
- brached- blood regulated by sphincters
-
veins
- venules
- return blood to the heart: muscle contraction(skeletal or peristalsis), gravity, respiratory activity, valves
-
heart
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
- 4 chambers: L/R atrium, RL ventricles (RA->RV->lungs->LA-> LV->body)
- L/R coronary arteries supply the blood to the heart
-
conduction system of the heart
- sinoartrial (SA)node- (pace maker)
- antrioventricular (AV)
- bundle of His (AV bundle)
- Purkinje fibers
- Pwave- depolarization of atria
- QRS complec depolarization of ventricles
- T wave repolarization of ventricles
-
BP
- systolic contaction
- diastole relaxation
- 120/80
-
fetal circulation
umbilical cord, 2 arteries, placenta, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava,
-
widened blood vessel
aneurysm/o aneurysmorrhaphy (suture)
-
vessel 3
- angi/o angioplasty
- vascul/o vasculitis
- aort/o aortostenosis (narrowoing)
-
artery
arteri/o arteriorrhexis (rupture)
-
arteriole
arteriol/o arteriolitis
-
atrium
atri/o atriomegaly
-
fatty plaque
ather/o atheroma (tumor of..)
-
blood vessel
hemangi/o hemangioma (tumor of)
-
vein 2
- phleb/o phlebectasis
- ven/o venostasis (standing still)
-
hardening
scler/o arteriosclerosis
-
septum
sept/o septostomy (forming an opening)
-
pulse
sphygm/o sphygm/oid (resembling)
-
narrowing
sten/o stenotic p.t. narrowing
-
ventricle
ventricul/o ventricular
-
pulse suffix
-sphyxia asphyxia
-
narrowing suffix
-stenosis aortostenosis
-
-
ouside
extra- extravascular
-
loss of consciousness
syncope
-
localized abn. dilation of vessel, artery
aneurysm
-
condition of being stopped
arrest
-
inability of the heart to maintain normal sinus rythm
arrhythmia
-
any disease or weakening of heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
-
thin, flexible plastic tube threaded in vein
catheter
-
narrowing of the vessel
coarctation
-
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body
deep vein thrombosis
-
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
ejection fraction EF
-
failure of heart to supply adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs
heart failure HF
-
quivering or spontaneous muscle contraction
fibrillation
-
arrest of bleeding or circulation
hemostasis
-
elevated BP 140/90
hypertension HTN
-
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis
infarct
-
sensation that the heart is not beating normally
palpitation
-
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
perfusion
-
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels
stent
-
passage of the catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a coprehesive evaluation of the heart
vardiac catherization CC
-
ECG taken with the small portable recording system
Holter monitor test
-
blood test that measures tropi T, tropin I and creatine kinase
cardiac enzyme studies
-
series od tests used to assess the risk factors of ischemic heart disease
lipid panel
-
radiography imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
angiography
-
nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart
multiple-gated acquisition
-
Dx tests that use radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radactv. substances to create an image of variuosu orgasns
scintigraphy
-
injection of a chemical to destroy the lumen
sclerotherapy
-
procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applyying controlled electric shock
cardioversion
-
destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing arhythmia
catheter ablation
-
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve which have fused together
commissurotomy
-
procedure to remove or treat varicose veins
laser ablation
-
tying varicose vein followed by removeal of the affercted segment
ligation and stripping
-
puncture of the pericardium to remove excess fluid
pericardiocentesis
-
meds: dilate blood vesses of the heart
nitrates
-
meds: lower cholesterol
statins
-
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
-
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
-
-
AST
angiotensin sensitivity test
-
-
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
-
-
-
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
-
ICD
inplantable cardioverte defibrillator
-
-
LDL
low density lipoprotein
-
-
MVP
mitral valve rpolapse
-
-
PAC
premature arterial contraction
-
PVC
premature ventricle contraction
-
-
VSD
ventricular septal defect
-
VT
ventricular trachycardia
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