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What is Ectopic Pregnancy
- An abnormal pregnancy that occurs outsid ethuterus an cannout continue to term; developing fetal cells must be removed to save the mother's life
- occur 1 in40 to 1 in 100 pregnancies
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What are the most common sites for ectopic pregnancy
- Fallopian tubes
- Other sites include: ovary, cervix, stomach area
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Major complications of ectopic pregnancy
- Bleeding from rupture of the ectopic pregnancy causeing:
- 1-Severe, sharp, and sudden lower abdominal pain
- lightheadness to syncope
- referred pain in sholder
- internal bleeding
- shock
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What are causes of Ectopic Pregnancy
- Fallopian tube scarring, surgery, or birth defect
- Pelvic inflamatory disease
- previous extopic pregnancy
- edometriosis
- complcations of rutptured appedndix
- scarring fromprevious pelvic surgeries
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What are symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
- Lower abdominal pain, mild cramping on one side of the pelvis
- amenorrhea/metorrhea
- breast tenderness
- nausea
- low back pain
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What are treatments fro ectopic pregnancy
- methotrexate (a cytotoxix/immunosuppressive agent) - aids body in reabsorption of pregnancy by decreasing human chronic gonadotropin (HCG)
- Laparotomy - to stop bleeding and terminate pregnancy
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Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage
Loss of fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy (after 20 weeks preterm delivies) very few miscarriages are preventable
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What are causes of spontanous abortion or misacarraiage
- fetal chromosomal defects
- hormonal problems
- indrection
- reproductive organs defects
- immune disorgers
- serious systemic diseases
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What are potential risk factors for spontanous abortion or misacarraiage
- older than 35 years of age
- previous miscarriages
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What are symptoms spontanous abortion or misacarraiage
- low back pain
- dull, sharp, or cramping abdominal pain
- tissue, or clot-like material passing form vagina
- vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal cramps
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What are diagnositic procedures for spontanous abortion or misacarraiage
- Pelvic exam - to see if cervix has opened (dilation) or thinned (effecement)
- Abdominal or vaginal ultrasound - to check fetal development, heart beat, or amount of bleeding
- Blood testing - Blood type (RH compatabilit) complete blood workup (to determine blood loss), HCG (to confirm preg), wbc and differential (to rule out infection)
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