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localized brain injury
confined to specific areas of the brain and result from penetrating injuries, vascular lesions (strokes, hemorrhages) or tumors
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What amount of childhood strokes occur in the first two years of life?
- more than 1/3
- usual cause is cardiac disease, vascular occlusion (blockage), sickle cell diseas, vascular malformation, and vascular hemorrhage
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diffuse lesions
spread out over many brain regions, result from traumatic head injury, poisoning, infections, certain tumors
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In the schools, what does a teen qualify for?
Sp Ed
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TBI Case History
- Effects of TBI are widespread
- Can be subtle
- IQ tests are not sensitive enough for certain deficits so achievement does not reflect IQ
- The deficits do the not mean that the indiv will fail in school
- The probs cut across all academic areas
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In terms of language, what do TBI indvs have touble with?
- Have limited self awareness of communication probs which leads to reluctance or unwillingness to work on them
- Poor planning of lang responses leads to disorganized, haphazard conversations
- They have diff starting conversations, keeping them going, and ending them
- They have probs inhibiting inappropriate remarks
- There are no standardized test for TBI becuase no two injuries are the same
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What happens when TBI students return to school?
- 1. attend to a task for 10-15 min
- 2. tolerate 20-30 min of general classroom stimulation (noise, movement, visual etc)
- 3. function within a group of 2 or more students
- 4. engage in meaningful, reliable communication through speech, gesture or AAC
- 5. follow simple directions
- 6. show potential for learning
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What is need for a student to successfully return to school?
- Involvment and cooperation of professional at hospital, school, fam and community
- -parents need to advocate for their child
- -children need to maintain peer relations-inform classmates how indiv is able or not able to participate
- -perpare indiv for the demands of school, visit before returning
- -teachers and other school staff need to be educated about the child's condition, needs, abilities
- -for teens, consider vocational rehab with work experiences
- -some may need home schooling
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What are some sample strategies for TBI students?
- -work in small groups
- -supplement written instructions with written explanations
- -present info and new concepts slowlly, allow adequate time for auditroy and visual processing
- -repeat instructions more than once
- -assign a classroom buddy
- -be aware of emotional stability
- -be aware of fatigue
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