Speech midterm

pursuasive speech or writing

Aristotle

• Invention- relate to the audience; audience centered
• Arrangement- organization
• Style- the way you express your ideas; language use
• Memory- practice
• Delivery- vocal and nonverbal behavior

The art of public speeking

conversatio; two way communication

a person communicating to modify the opionion of another

Public Speaking anxiety

right before the speech

not agreeing

coming up with counter attcks

when one abandons their own convictions and takes on the opinion of the audience

• A compiliation of statistical facts about your audience
• Gender
• Age
• Socio Economic Status
• Religion
• Political Affiliation

Baby boomers, melenials....

• To inform
• To persuade

• Naratives
• Examples
• Testimony
• Statistics
• Facts

only using the statistical information that supports your point of view

• primary- information collected first hand such as letters or historical documents
• secondary- information previously published elsewhere

magazine or journal published regularly

• Organizing your thoughts logically
• Tailoring your message to your audience
• Telling a story for maximum impact
• Adapting to listener feedback

• Public speaking is more highly structured
• Public speaking requires more formal language
• Public speaking requires a different method of delivery

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

The time and place in which speech commication occurs

• Make sure your goals are ethically sound
• Be fully prepared for each speech
• B honest in what you say
• Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
• Put ethical principles into practice

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own 

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words

• Be courteous and attentive
• Avoid prejuding the speaker
• Maintain the free and open expression of ideas 

 listening for pleasure or enjoyment ,as when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech

listening to provide emotional support for the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear to a friend in distress

listening to understand the message of a speaker as when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to directions for finding a friend's house

listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen to the sales pitch of a car salesperson or the campain speech of a political candidate

giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view 

The difference between the rate at which most people talke (120-150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400-800)

• Not concentrating
• Listening too hard
• Jumping to conclusions
• Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

• Take listening seriously 
• Be an active listener
• Resist distractions
• Dont be diverted by appearance or delivery
• Suspend Judgment
• Focus your listening
• Develop note-taking skills

A speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after is has forgotten everything else in a speech

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

A process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topid, the speaker, and the occasion

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author

A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data

choosing recent information

• Use statitsics to quantify your ideas
• Ues statistics sparingly
• Identify the sources of your statistics
• Explain your statistics
• Round off complicated statistics
• Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends

Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic 

Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it 

Putting a speech togehter in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Connective- A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Transition- a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience known what the speaker is going to discuss next

A statment in the body of the speech that sumarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

• Get the attention and interest of your audience
• Reveal the topic of your speech
• Establish your credibility
• Preview the body of the speech

a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

The audience's preception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

A statment in the intro of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

• To let the audience know you are ending the speech
• To reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement