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What is considered the pathogenesis of emphysema?
(p.6)
- proteolysis-antiproteolysis theory - imbalance between synthesis and breakdown of elastic tissue in alveolar walls
- oxidant-antioxidant imbalance
- = irritant (smoke) --> macrophages kill bacteria and foreign antigens by generating free radicals (oxidant-antioxidant theory)
- = creates pro-oxident environment with alveoli
- = damages alpha-1-antitrypsin protein (elastase inhibitor) so it cannot prevent uncontrolled breakdown of elastic tissue (by elastase)
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Causes of emphysema
- pollutants in lungs
- hereditary deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin
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Predominant cause of airway obstruction in asthma?
- Hypersensitivity response to some stimuli
- Associated with temporary obstruction
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Key feature of asthma
reversible
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Characteristic symptoms of asthma?
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Main problem associated with asthma?
- Expiration
- Problem getting air in, then out, of lungs
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3 features of Status Asthmaticus
- CO2 retention
- respiratory acidosis
- hypoxia
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What is the molecular basis for genetic defect in cystic fibrosis?
(p.7)
- In mucus-secreting epithelial cells, CFTR chloride channels not transported to plasma membrane
- Chloride ions NOT secreted into extracellular mucus
- Chloride plus sodium and water maintain viscosity of mucus
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