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Fluid Mosaic Model
- 1972
- This model proposed that the plasma membrane, as well as all membranes, are thin, pliable, bilayers of phospholipids with embedded proteins.
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Selectively Permeable
- Refers to cellular membranes
- They permit some substances to pass through, but block others
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Phospholipid Bilayer
A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around cells.
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Hydrophobic
Water hating, avoids water
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Hydrophilic
Water loving, attracts to water
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Integral Proteins
Penetrate and are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, they have one or more hydrophobic regions or domains consisiting of an Alpha-Helix or Beta-Pleated sheet region of the polypeptide.
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Transmembrane Proteins
Integral proteins that extend from one side of the membrane to the other
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Pheripheral Proteins
Are not embedded in the bilayer, instead they are attached to the inside or the outside surface of the membrane
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Carrier Proteins
Bind specifically with the molecule they assist and are usually selective for one type of molecule
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Channel Proteins
Integral proteins that typically have a hydrophillic interior that provides an aquaous channel for polar molecules, or specific ions to pass when the channel is open
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Glycolipids
Phospholipids of the membrane with attached carbohydrate chains
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Glycoproteins
Embedded proteins with attached carbohydrate chains
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Passive Transport
Requires no cell energy
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Active Transport
Requires cell energy
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Diffusion
- Active Transport
- A molecular Event, whereby molecules move down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to low concentration
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Osmosis
- Active Transport
- A diffusion of water
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Solution
A solvent + a solute
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Solvent
(Water) the substance usually liquid in nature into which other substances dissolve
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Solute
The substance that is being dissolved
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Equilibrium
When the concentration on both sides of a membrane is equal
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Hypotonic Solution
When the concentration of solute molecules in the cell's environement, outside of the cell is lower than the concentration of solute within the cell
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Hypertonic Solution
When the concentration of solute molecules in the cell's environment, outside of the cell is higher than the concentration of solute within the cell
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Isotonic Solution
When the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell are equal
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Cytolysis
The dissolution or destruction of a cell
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Plasmolysis
the process in plant cells where the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis
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Aquaporins
Specialized channels for the movement of water
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Facilitated Diffusion
Requires a helper molecule in order to move a polar substance down the concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration
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Cell Surface Receptors
Specialized integral membrane proteins that take part in communication between the cell and the outside world
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Sodium Potassium Pump
- (Na+/K+)
- Potassium is constantly pumped INTO the cell against the concentration gradient while Sodium ions are constantly pumped OUT of the cell against a similar concentration gradient
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Alpha Helix Pleated Sheet
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Endocytosis
Collective term that describes the process of ingesting solid or fluid material by the cell
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Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Highly specific for the molecules that are transported, proteins of the plasma membrane specifically bind particular molecules which may be present in the cellular fluid in low concentrations
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Phagotcytosis
- "Cell Eating"
- Material brought inside is solid by nature
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Pinocytosis
- "Cell Drinking"
- Material brought inside is liquid by nature
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Exocytosis
The passage of large molecules, waste, neurotransmitters, hormones, and digestive enzymes out of the cell
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Vesicle
A bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell
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Coupled Transport
The linked, simultaneous transport of two substances across a cell membrane (or another intracellular membrane)
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