IS 130

skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets. Having basic knowlegde of hardware and software, the internet, and collaboration tools and technologies.

understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence

provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

focus on data collection and processing; the major reason for using them is reduction

an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful info for decision-making purposes

consists of raw facts and is a component of an info system

a collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files

generates the most useful type of info for decision making, including transaction processing reports and models

consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and is an output of an info system.

support information systems and use the internet, computer networks, database systems, POS systems

analyzes an organization, its position in the marketplace, and how information systems could be used to make it more competitive. Include buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, and rivalry.

nachine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using stored instructions, and outputs information

the heart of a computer. It's divided into two components; the arithmetic logic unit and control unit

performs arithmetic operations and comparison or relational operations are used to compare numbers

tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or send output to

a link between devices connected to the computer. It can be parallel or serial, internal or external

a peripheral devise for recording, storing, and retrieving information.

aka computer chassis or tower. It is the enclosure containing the computers main components

the main circuit board containing connectors for attaching additional boards

send data and info to the computer. Examples are keyboards and mouses

capable of representing information from a computer. Visual, audio, digital. Examples are printers, monitors, plotters

stores data and info and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off.

nonvolatile, holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation.

is volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; it is also called read-write memory

resides on the processor. stores recently accessed memory so that the processor isn't waiting for the memory transfer

nonvolatile; data can't be written to ROM

made of metal, is used for random-access processing. Data can be accessed in any order, regardless of its order on the surface

Made up of plastic, and stores data sequentially

use laser beams to access and store data. CD-ROMS, DVDs

collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, typically in large network systems.

a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical devices

a network connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices

a computerand all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network

a set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software.

commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer

consists of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions, the first generation of computer languages

the second generation of computer languages, uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions

machine independent and part of the third-generation computer languages. Many languages are available and designed for a specific purpose

use macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming. The comands are powerful and easy to learn

use some artificial intelligence technologies, such as knowledge-based systems. These languagse are designed to facilitate natural convesations between you and the computer

software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A DBMS makes using databases more efficient

records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered

records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical location in storage media.

records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed. For a small number, random acces is used and for a large number, sequential access is used.

involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media, such as hard disks, CDs

involves how info appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved

determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained.

relationships between records from a treelike structure. Records are called nodes and relationships between records are called branches. The node at the very top is called the root and every other node (child) has a parent

records are organized differently. Each record in the network model can have multiple parent and child records

uses a two-dimensional table of rows and columns of data. Rows are records and columns are fields

stores definitions such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field.

uniquely identifies every record in a relational database. Ex: Student IDs, account numbers, ss #

a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. Used to cross-reference tables

improves database efficiency be eliminating redundant data and ensuring that only related data is stored in a table

a standard fourth-gen query language used by many DBMS packages

you request data from a database by constructing a statement made up of query forms.

refers to the range of functions that data administrators determine who has permission to perform certain functions

design and set up databases, establish security measures, develop recovery procedures, evaluate database performance, and add and fine-tune database functions

acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database

stores data on multiple servers throughout an organization

addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations. There are three variations: horizontal, vertical, and mixed

each site store a copy of the data in the organizations database

combines fragmentation and replication, with each site storing the data it uses most often

users workstations are linked in a local area network (LAN) to share the services of a single server

both data and their relationships are contained in a single object. An object consists of attributes and methods that can be performed on the object's data.

refers to the grouping into a class of various objects along with their attributes and methods- grouping related items into a single unit.

refers to new objects being created faster and more easily by entering new data in attributes

a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence.

refers to the processes used in a data warehouse. It includes extracting data from outside sources, transforming it to fit operational needs, and loading it into the end target

systems are used to facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, such as point of sale, data entry, and retrieval transaction processing.

generates business intelligence. It uses multiple sources of info and provides multidimensional analysis, such as viewing data based on time, product, and location

used to discover patterns and relationships

a smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function