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What are the layers of the pericardium starting from the outside?
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Parietal Serous Pericardium
- Paricardial Cavity filled with serous fluid
- Visceral Serous Paricardium
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What are the wall layers starting from the outside?
- Epicardium = visceral layer of pericardium
- Myocardium (muscle layer)
- Endocardium
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What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
- Right Atrium
- Left Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Left Ventricle
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What are the 2 valve groups in the heart and what are the 4 valves?
- Atrioventricular Valves - Tricuspid valve, Bicuspid valve
- Semilunar Valves - Pulmonary semilunar, Aortic sumilunar
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Trace the path of electricity conduction in the heart.
- Sinatrial pacemaker node
- Atrioventricular valves
- Purkimjy Fibers (L/R)
- Papillary Muscle
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Assign each term to its respective side of the heart.
Passive
Less developed muscle
Pumps blood
Collects Blood
Active
Well developed muscle
Right - passive, less developed muscle, collects blood
Left - active, well developed muscle, pumps blood
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What are the properties of arteries and veins?
Arteries - elastic, high pressure
Veins - inelastic, low pressure
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Trace a blood cell through the cardiovascular system, starting with systemic circulation.
- Systemic Circulation
- Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
- R. Atrium
- Tricuspid Valve
- R. Ventricle
- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
- Pulmonary Artery
- Lungs
- Pulmonary Veins
- L. Atrium
- Bicuspid Valve
- L. Ventricle
- Aortic Semilunar Valve
- Aorta
- Systemic Circulation
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Why is vessel radius a more important factor in controlling blood flow than vessel length?
Once growth ceases, length does not change.
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What is diastole?
Ventricles relaxed
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What is systole?
Ventricles contract
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What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood each ventricle pumps per minute
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What is Starling's Law?
When the rate at which blood returns to the heart changes, the heart will adjust its output to match the change in inflow.
Change in inflow = change in outflow
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What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood pumped to the body per contraction per ventricle
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